Ch.10 - The Popularization of Art and Visual Culture in France during the July Monarchy Flashcards
Liberty Leading the People, 1830
Eugène Delacroix
Women of Algiers in their Harem, 1834
Eugène Delacroix
This piece was based in direct observation. It confirmed many preconceptions of contemporary critics, and was noted as a “fragment of a journey”
Delacroix was one of the first artists to travel to North Africa
“Harem’s” were sometimes noted as the “ultimate sexual fantasy” for Western men.
Europe was very dirty and polluted in the time of Orientalism, so visiting North Africa was somewhat on an escape.
This piece sort of proved existence for people back in France/ Europe. Exotic subjects, portrayed accurately. Nudity was allowable in this context, because it wasn’t showing French women.
Napoleon’s colonization of North Africa was the doorway for French artists to be able to go there
Hagar in the Wilderness, 1835
Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
Corot was known as one of the best landscape painters of his time. This is a depiction of a biblical scene, seen as a perfect harmony between the desperate state, and the desolate landscape
It’s gripping in itself as a landscape painting, even without knowing the subject matter.
This is a historical landscape painting (Not naturalistic or Picturesque).
You can tell this painting was done outside, not in a studio, by the detailed lighting and shadows.
As cities became bigger in this time, people desired landscape scenes more and more, and Corot knew this.
Corot studying in Italy enabled him to master the effects of lighting and atmospheric effects
Gargantua, 1831
Honore Daumier
Daumier was a political caricaturist.
Newpapers and print were much less serious and more readily available/affordable in this period. Popular culture exploded (which is shared between classes)
Increase in literacy was influential in the boom in pop culture.
It was very risky/ballsy to depict Louis Phillippe in a caricature.
Daumier was symbolizing Phillippe consuming the wealth of the people.
Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1834, 1834
Honore Daumier
Dramatic recreation of a real event, the Transnonain Massacre
Daumier is considered a Realist. This piece depicts a tragic event. This event was a response to Phillippe’s creation of rapid industrialization and the working class.
A solider, who is part of Phillippe’s army which was controlling the working-class, has been shot dead, so instead of finding the actual perpetrator, the army slaughters 20 innocents citizens/ including children and families.
This piece was widely distributed and well-known, which Louis Phillippe didn’t like.
How did Salon exhibitions change during this time?
- They became open to the public, and made annual (as opposed to every two years)
- Art criticism flourished, many publications were created during this period
- Salon becomes somewhat of a marketplace
- Lengthy Salon reviews, more works being displayed than ever.
Who was King of this period?
Louis Phillippe, as of 1830.
What kinds of trends were seen in paintings of this period?
- Middle class became subjects of portraiture for the first time
How does the country change when Louis Phillippe takes control?
A division between church and state is created
The “juste milieu” government takes control, aka “The Happy Mean”
The rise and expansion of the middle class, and the beginning of socialism in France
What major public museum did the king create?
Museum of the History of France, which was made for the public teaching of French history.
Located inside the former royal palace of Versailles.
Featured several hundred paintings commissioned by the king.
Gallery of Battles features 33 battle scenes over the history of France
Louis Phillippe was highly crticized for creating the “freedom of the press”, so he “re-censored” it.
What is special about Delacroix’s “Liberty Leading the People” ?
It depicts a contemporary event led by an allegorical figure, mixed with real people. Depiction of Liberty was controversial, with some taking offense, and others calling it a “new allegorical language”
Mark the overthrow of the Bourbon Monarchy (Charles X) and the
