Ch.10: Pain Assessment

Question 1

Pain develops by two main process which include:

Answer 1

nociceptive processing & neuropathic processing

Question 2

Description of nociceptive pain

Answer 2

Develops when functioning & intact nerve fibers in the periphery, and CNS are stimulated.
Triggered by events outside the Nervous system
FOUR PHASES: transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation
warning signal

Question 3

Description of neuropathic pain

Answer 3

“pain cause by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system” INJURY TO THE NERVE FIBERS
most difficult to asses and treat. pain persist
EX: diabetes mellitus, shingles, HIV/AIDS

Question 4

Sources of pain include:

Answer 4

Visceral pain ( larger intestinal organs/ dull, deep, cramping)
Somatic pain ( body surface/sharp, localized)
deep somatic pain ( blood vessels, joints, tendons/ aching, throbbing)
cutaneous pain( skin surface/ burning, superficial)
referred pain (same spinal nerve location)

Question 5

Characteristics of Acute pain

Answer 5

short-term & limiting
pain dissipates after an injury heals
self protective purpose
incidence pain: acute type happens predictably when certain movements take place

Question 6

Characteristics of Chronic pain

Answer 6

diagnosed when the pain continues for 6 MONTHS or longer
pain does not stop when the injury heals. it PERSIST
malignant/nonmalignant (cancer vs musculoskeletal)
breakthrough pain: transient spike in pain level.

Question 7

True or false: Infants do not have the same capacity for pain as adults. They are not sensitive to painful stimuli, and it does not affect them later on in life.

Answer 7

FALSE:
they have the same capacity, as well as they are more sensitive to painful stimuli. repetitive and poorly controlled pain can result to PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY

Question 8

true or false: Pain is not a normal process of agin. Pain indicates pathology or injury. It should never be considered something to tolerate or accept in ones later years.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

What is report is the “gold-standard” of pain assessment? as well as the most reliable indicator of pain

Answer 9

SELF-REPORT

Subjective report

Question 10

INITIAL PAIN ASSESSMENT INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

Answer 10

C- characteristics
O- onset
L- location
D- duration
S- severity
P- pattern
A- associative factors

Question 11

scale that ask the patient to rate the pain within the PAST OF 24 HOURS using graduated scales (0-10) with respect to its impact on areas such as mood, walking, & sleeping.

Answer 11

brief pain inventory

Question 12

scale that ask the patient to choose a number that rates the level of pain for each painful site, with 0 being no pain and the highest anchor 10 indicating the worst pain ever experienced

Answer 12

numeric rating scale

Question 13

scale in which list words to describe the different levels of pain intensity such as NO PAIN, MODERATE PAIN, & SEVERE PAIN. It is used when having difficulty responding especially with fluctuations chronic experience

Answer 13

Descriptor Scale

Question 14

Describe the Face Pain Scale (FPS-R)

Answer 14

introduced 4 to 5 years of age
six drawing of false the show pain intensity
numbers aren’t shown but they are rated through 0-10

Question 15

At times physical findings may not always support the patient’s pain report (chronic), so what must you do?

Answer 15

make every effort to reduce or eliminate the pain with appropriate analgesic and nonpharmacologic intervention.

Question 16

Acute pain behaviors:

Answer 16

guarding, grimacing, vocalizations (moaning), agitation, restlessness, stillness, diaphoresis, or change in vital signs

Question 17

Chronic pain behavior:

Answer 17

bracing, rubbing, diminished activity, sighing, & change in appetite.
ALWAYS ASK HOW THEY ACT OR BEHAVE WHEN IN PAIN**

Question 18

The CRIES Score:

Answer 18

tool for postoperative pain in preterm and term neonates
Measures physiologic and behavioral indicators on a three-point scale 0- 2
table 10-9. pg 173

Question 19

The FLACC scale:

Answer 19

nonverbal assessment tool for infants and young children under 3 years.
assesses five behaviors of pain: facial expression, leg movement, activity level, cry and consolability
0=relaxed 1-3=mild discomfort 4-6 moderate pain 7-10=severe discomfort

Question 20

When you look for behavioral cues in an older adult, look for:

Answer 20

changes in functional status/ dressing, waling, toiling, involvement in activities, slowness, rigidity, and fatigue

Question 21

PAINAD scale:

Answer 21

used for people with dementia (behavioral cues)

evaluates five common behavior: breathing, vocalization, facial expression, body language and consolability