CH10 Aggression Flashcards
The finding that the more we see and
interact with people, the more likely
they are to become our friends.
Propinquity Effect
The finding that the more exposure we
have to a stimulus, the more apt we are
to like it.
Mere Exposure Effect
Festinger, Schachter, and Back (1950) tracked friendship formation among randomly assigned couples in various apartment buildings.
Demonstrated Functional Distance
Refers to certain aspects of architectural design that make it more likely that some people will come into contact with each other more often than with others.
Functional Distance
Chan and Cheng (2004) found that the quality of offline friendships was higher
than that of online for relationships that had existed for up to a year. However, when friendships had existed for longer than a year, the online and offline relationships were very similar.
Computers: Long-Distance Propinquity
Propinquity increases familiarity
Familiarity leads to liking, but more is needed for friendship or romance.
That “fuel” is _____ with respect to interests,
attitudes, values, background, or personality and those of another person.
Similarity
Newcomb (1961): Randomly assigned
roommates were more likely to become friends
when they were more similar in:
– Demographics (e.g., rural/urban)
– Attitudes & values (e.g., major, politics)
Personality matters as does interpersonal style
1.We tend to think that people who are
similar to us will also like us, so we are
likely to initiate a relationship.
2. People who are similar validate our own
characteristics and beliefs.
3. We make negative inferences about
someone who disagrees with us on
important issues.
Why is similarity so important in attraction?
Just knowing that someone likes us fuels
our attraction to the person.
Reciprocal Liking (sometimes happens
because of a self-fulfilling prophecy)
Physical attractiveness also plays an important role in liking. People from different cultures perceive facial attractiveness quite similarly.
Physical Attractiveness and Liking
The “what is beautiful is good” stereotype demonstrates the tendency to believe that an individual who possesses positive characteristics also possesses other, unrelated positive traits. Specifically, people assume that physical attractiveness is associated with a variety of other desirable traits, sometimes leading to self-fulfilling prophecies.
Halo Effect
The idea that people’s feelings about a relationship depend on perceptions of rewards and costs, the kind of relationship they deserve, and their chances for having a better relationship with someone else.
Social Exchange Theory
The idea is that people are happiest in relationships in which rewards and costs are experienced and both parties’ contributions are roughly equal.
Equity Theory
Holds that how people feel (positively or negatively) about their relationships will depend on:
(1)Their perception of the rewards they receive
from the relationship,
(2) Their perception of the costs they incur, and
(3) Their perception of what kind of relationship
they deserve and
(4) The probability that they could have a better
relationship with someone else.
Social Exchange Theory
Expectations about the level of rewards
and costs you are likely to receive in a
particular relationship.
Comparison Level
(which is based on prior
experience)
