ch1 test - organelles

Question 1

S: non-membrane bound structure within nucleus

F: contains RNA and proteins

Answer 1

nucleolus

Question 2

S: double membrane around nucleus

F: separates nucleus from rest of cell

Answer 2

nuclear envelope

Question 3

S: complex system of sacs and channels composed of membrane enclosing lumen

F: synthesizes and transports different types of macromolecules

Answer 3

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

S: has no bound ribosomes, smooth-looking

F: synthesizes lipids and lipid-containing molecules (such as phospholipids for cell membrane)

Answer 4

smooth ER

Question 5

S: ribosome-rich, looks like sandpaper

F: assembles proteins that are part of membrane or are intended for transport

Answer 5

rough ER

Question 6

S: structure composed of RNA and proteins

F: makes proteins made to function within the cytosol

Answer 6

ribosomes

Question 7

S: membrane-enclosed sac

F: transport and storage

Answer 7

vesicle

Question 8

S: membrane enclosed sac containing oxidative enzymes; forms by budding off ER

F: breaks down excess fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide; catalyzes redox reactions; participates in synthesis of bile acids and cholesterol

Answer 8

peroxisomes

Question 9

S: membrane-enclosed sac containing 40+ digestive enzymes

F: catalyzes hydrolysis reactions; breaks down old/disused parts of cell and accidentally ingested bacteria

Answer 9

lysosomes

Question 10

S: large, membrane-bound sac found in plant cells; contains enzymes that break down macromolecules and cell waste

F: stores water, ions, sugars, macromolecules, amino acids; determines turgor pressure

Answer 10

vacuole

Question 11

S: found in cells of photosynthetic organisms; contains PSn’c pigment chlorophyll
> contains stacks of discs called grana (made of thylakoids) floating in liquid called stroma

F: captures light energy from sun and converts it to high energy organic molecules s.a glucose

Answer 11

chloroplasts

Question 12

S: smooth outer membrane w/ folded inner membrane (cristae); only found in eukaryotes

F: oxidizes molecules to make energy. the powerhouse of the cell

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

S: polysaccharide + glycoprotein wall found in plant, fungi, archaea etc (no animals)

F: protection and support

Answer 13

cell wall

Question 14

S: everything outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane; includes organelles floating in cytosol

F: suspends and protects the organelles of the cell

Answer 14

cytoplasm

Question 15

S: abundant and short appendage, made of tiny microtubules covered in cell’s membrane extending from main body

F: allow movement and trap debris

Answer 15

cilia

Question 16

S: appendage; only one or two is present and is longer; made of tiny microtubules covered in cell’s membrane extending from main body

F: whiplike movement propels cells

Answer 16

flagella

Question 17

S: extremely thin (0.006nm) membrane composed of phospholipid bilayer; contains embedded proteins

F: selective and dynamic boundary that separates cell from extracellular fluid; maintains integrity by regulating passage of molecules and ions

Answer 17

cell membrane

Question 18

S: thickest (25nm diameter); swirly appearance; made of proteins that form hollow tubes

F: maintain cell structure and facilitate movement of organelles; assist in cell divsion (spindle formation)

Answer 18

microtubules

Question 19

S: medium thicknes (10nm); proteins coiled into cables

F: maintain cell shape; anchor organelles and form internal scaffolding of nucleus

Answer 19

intermediate filaments

Question 20

S: thinnest fibres (8nm); 2 strands of actin wound together

F: maintain cell shape, involved in muscle contraction; assist in cell division (cleavage furrow)

Answer 20

microfilaments

Question 21

S: internal network of protein fibres extending through cytosol

F: provide structure; either anchor organelles in place or help them move (like tracks); provide structure, shape, support, motility

Answer 21

cytoskeleton

Question 22

S: stack of curved membrane sacs, has cis (entrance) and trans (exit) face for vesicles

F: packages, processes, sorts and distributes proteins, lipids and other substances; is the “post office” of the cell

Answer 22

golgi apparatus