ch1 test - organelles Flashcards
S: non-membrane bound structure within nucleus
F: contains RNA and proteins
nucleolus
S: double membrane around nucleus
F: separates nucleus from rest of cell
nuclear envelope
S: complex system of sacs and channels composed of membrane enclosing lumen
F: synthesizes and transports different types of macromolecules
endoplasmic reticulum
S: has no bound ribosomes, smooth-looking
F: synthesizes lipids and lipid-containing molecules (such as phospholipids for cell membrane)
smooth ER
S: ribosome-rich, looks like sandpaper
F: assembles proteins that are part of membrane or are intended for transport
rough ER
S: structure composed of RNA and proteins
F: makes proteins made to function within the cytosol
ribosomes
S: membrane-enclosed sac
F: transport and storage
vesicle
S: membrane enclosed sac containing oxidative enzymes; forms by budding off ER
F: breaks down excess fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide; catalyzes redox reactions; participates in synthesis of bile acids and cholesterol
peroxisomes
S: membrane-enclosed sac containing 40+ digestive enzymes
F: catalyzes hydrolysis reactions; breaks down old/disused parts of cell and accidentally ingested bacteria
lysosomes
S: large, membrane-bound sac found in plant cells; contains enzymes that break down macromolecules and cell waste
F: stores water, ions, sugars, macromolecules, amino acids; determines turgor pressure
vacuole
S: found in cells of photosynthetic organisms; contains PSn’c pigment chlorophyll
> contains stacks of discs called grana (made of thylakoids) floating in liquid called stroma
F: captures light energy from sun and converts it to high energy organic molecules s.a glucose
chloroplasts
S: smooth outer membrane w/ folded inner membrane (cristae); only found in eukaryotes
F: oxidizes molecules to make energy. the powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
S: polysaccharide + glycoprotein wall found in plant, fungi, archaea etc (no animals)
F: protection and support
cell wall
S: everything outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane; includes organelles floating in cytosol
F: suspends and protects the organelles of the cell
cytoplasm
S: abundant and short appendage, made of tiny microtubules covered in cell’s membrane extending from main body
F: allow movement and trap debris
cilia
S: appendage; only one or two is present and is longer; made of tiny microtubules covered in cell’s membrane extending from main body
F: whiplike movement propels cells
flagella
S: extremely thin (0.006nm) membrane composed of phospholipid bilayer; contains embedded proteins
F: selective and dynamic boundary that separates cell from extracellular fluid; maintains integrity by regulating passage of molecules and ions
cell membrane
S: thickest (25nm diameter); swirly appearance; made of proteins that form hollow tubes
F: maintain cell structure and facilitate movement of organelles; assist in cell divsion (spindle formation)
microtubules
S: medium thicknes (10nm); proteins coiled into cables
F: maintain cell shape; anchor organelles and form internal scaffolding of nucleus
intermediate filaments
S: thinnest fibres (8nm); 2 strands of actin wound together
F: maintain cell shape, involved in muscle contraction; assist in cell division (cleavage furrow)
microfilaments
S: internal network of protein fibres extending through cytosol
F: provide structure; either anchor organelles in place or help them move (like tracks); provide structure, shape, support, motility
cytoskeleton
S: stack of curved membrane sacs, has cis (entrance) and trans (exit) face for vesicles
F: packages, processes, sorts and distributes proteins, lipids and other substances; is the “post office” of the cell
golgi apparatus
