Ch1: Review Questions Flashcards
What are the five stages of Homeostatic Control?
1 - stimulus
2 - receptor
3 - input - (afferent)
4 - output - (efferent)
5 - response
Systems - Integumentary
protects underlying organs from environment and synthesizes vitamin D
Systems - Muscular
directly causes mechanical motion
Systems - Skeletal
provides support and levers for muscles to pull
Systems - Nervous
response to environmental changes by transmitting electrical signals
Systems - Lymphatic
removes and filters excess fluid from tissues
Systems - Cardiovascular
delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Systems - Endocrine
Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones
Systems - Immune
Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances
Provide examples of positive feedback
used for blood clotting and childbirth
Provide examples of negative feedback
changes in blood glucose or blood pressure
What organs are in the Urinary system
kidneys, bladder, ureters
What organs are in the Endocrine system
Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary
What organs are in the Digestive System?
esophagus, large intestine, rectum
What organs are in the cardiovascular system
Arteries, veins, heart
What organs are in the Resp System
Trachea, bronchi, alveoli
T/F: Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus
true
T/F: The anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with palms up and thumbs pointed away
true
T/F: the elbow is proximal to the shoulder
false
T/F: The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum
true
T/F: major function of the serous membrane is to decrease friction
true
T/F: Lungs carry out an excretory function
true - gaseous waste
T/F: A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function
true
T/F: it is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from external
true
T/F: Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance
true
T/F: responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense change in the environment and then response to them
true
an increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream is best described as
excretion of waste
avg body temp is
37 degrees celsius
if you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat is
control center
What is the main, general purpose of the negative feedback
maintain homeostasis
What is the regional term for the hip region?
coxal
an oblique cut is?
diagonal between vertical and horizontal planes
the heart lies in the “ “ cavity
pericardial
the cavities housing the eyes are the “ “ cavity
orbital
a structure of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions is called “ “
organ
” “ cavities are spaces within joints
synovial
What is not a functional characteristic of life
decay
what term means toward or at the back of the body
dorsal
the single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60-80% of body weight is?
water
What is the back of the knee called?
popliteal
What is true concerning feedback mechanisms?
negative feedback works to prevent sudden changes within the body
a good example of positive feedback mechanism would be
enhancement of labor contractions
What describes a parasagittal plane?
any sagittal plane except in the midline
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane
lining the thoracic cavity
Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli
nervous
What statement is correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?
considered the cause of most disease
pollex refers to “ “
thumb
the dorsal cavity is the site of which of the following
brain
what does the principle of complementarity of structures and functions mean?
structure determines function
the term that describes the neck region is?
cervical
The heart is “ “ to the arm
medial - because its inbetween or middle of the body comparatively
The “ “ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of the inner ear
middle ear
” “ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems
physiology
What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment called?
homeostasis
Which cavity contains the bladder, reproductive, and the rectum called
pelvic (hypogastric)
What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?
visceral peritoneum
What is the broad term that covers all chemical reactions that occur with body cells?
metabolism
What is the function of the serous membranes
reduce friction and allow sliding
Describe the anatomical position for the human body
Standing upright palms facing forward
Can lungs carry out excretory functions?
Yes, removing carbon dioxide as metabolic waste
Why is anatomical terminology necessary?
prevents confusion when describing location of body parts
The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called
responsiveness or excitability
Why must a normal body temp be maintained?
if temp is too low body slows and stops, if its too high reactions speed up and body proteins lose their shape resulting in a crash
What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called?
afferent
What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?
negative
Why is the abdominopelvic cavity the most vulnerable?
There is no bone present
What is the goal of the negative feedback mechanisms?
prevent sudden changes
What happens when usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback take over?
risk of illness and changes associated with aging
