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GCSE Physics > CH1 Energy transfers and efficiency > Flashcards

CH1 Energy transfers and efficiency Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 8 types of energy

A

-Chemical
-Kinetic
-Gravitational Potential
-Elastic
-Electrical
-Thermal energy
-Electrostatitc
-Nuclear

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2
Q

Units for energy

A

Joules

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3
Q

Which of these happens to energy?
a. converted
b. destroyed
c. created

A

a. converted

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4
Q

What energy is movement energy?

A

Kinetic

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5
Q

How to calculate efficiency

A

(useful energy output/ total energy in) x 100

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6
Q

Units for energy

A

Joules

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7
Q

Main useful energy transfer in cars?

A

Chemical to kinetic

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8
Q

a) when a ball falls in air it loses ______ energy and gains _____ energy.
b) when an electric heater is switched on, it changes _____ energy into ______ energy.

A

a) gravitational potential, kinetic
b) electric, thermal

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9
Q

name 4 types of energy transfer

A

mechanical
electrical
heating
radiation

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10
Q

What is the loss of energy called

A

dissipation

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11
Q

State the law of conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred

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12
Q

An exciting fairground acts like a giant catapult. The capsule which you are strapped in, is fired high into the diy by rubber straps . Explain the energy transfers taking place.

A

Elastic -> kinetic -> gravitational potential -> kinetic -> elastic

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13
Q

Why does a pendulum eventually stop?

A

The pendulum loses energy little by little from air resistance and friction.

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14
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

1/2 x mass x speed^2
OR
1/2mv^2

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15
Q

An apple of mass 100g falls from a tree.it reaches a speed of 6 m/s before landing on Isaac’s head, what is gain of the kinetic of the apple

A

Ek = 1/2mv^2
Ek= 1/2 x 0.1 x 6^2
Ek= 1.8J

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16
Q

How much kinetic energy does a 30kg dog have when it runs at 4m/s

A

Ek = 1/2 x 30 x 4^2
Ek = 240J

17
Q

What is a system?

A

an object or a group of objects that can be identified

18
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system where no energy is added and none can escape

19
Q

What is work done

A

energy transferred when a force moves an object
work=forcexdistance

20
Q

What is 1 joule of work

A

the work done when a force of 1N causes an object to move 1m in the direction of the force

21
Q

describe the energy transfer when a moving car slows down

A

energy is transferred mechanically from the kinetic store of the far to the thermal store of its brakes- some energy is dissipated to the thermal store of the surroundings

22
Q

describe the energy transfer when a kettle is used to heat water

A

the electric current in a kettle transfers energy to the heating element’s thermal store- energy is then transferred by heating from the heating element’s thermal store to the thermal store of the water

23
Q

describe the energy when a ball is fired using an elastic band

A

energy is transferred mechanically from the elastic store of the elastic band to the kinetic store of the band- some energy is dissipated to the thermal store of the surroundings

24
Q

describe the energy transfer when a battery powered toy car is used

A

energy is transferred electrically from the chemical store of the battery to the kinetic store of the toy car- some energy is dissipated to the thermal store of the surroundings

25
Q

describe the energy transfer when a falling apple hits the ground

A

the gravitational potential energy of the apple is transferred and dissipated to the thermal store of the surroundings by sound waves

26
Q

name the unit that represents one joule transferred per second

A

watt(W)

27
Q

How does a geothermal power station generate electricity the same as the way in which a coal burning power station generates electricity?

A

Both use steam to drive a turbine

28
Q

equation that links power, time, and work done

A

work done = power x time

29
Q

one advantage of heating water using solar panels rather than an immersion heater

A

water is continually heated by the sun

30
Q

one disadvantage of heating water using solar panels rather than an immersion heater

A

water may not be as hot and takes longer to heat the water

GCSE Physics (11 decks)

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