Ch.1 Drug Action Flashcards
Disintegration and dissolution of a solid form of a medication
Pharmaceutics
The dissolving of particles in the GI fluid before absorption
Dissolution
To break down into small particles
Disintegration
3 processes of Absorption
- Passive
- Active
- Pinocytosis
When drug passes to the liver first
First-pass effect
% of the administered drug dose hat reaches the systemic circulation
Bioavailability
Absorption that requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move the drug against a concentration gradient;requires energy
Active absorption
Occurs mostly by diffusion H->L [C}
Passive absorption
Process by which cells carry a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles
Pinocytosis
Drug that produces a response
Agonist
Drug that blocks a response
Antagonist
More severe than the side effects
Adverse Reactions
Onset time for oral pain meds admin
45-60 min
Onset time for IM/SubCu pain med
30 min
Onset time for IV meds
15 min
Test to help determine renal function
Creatine Clearance
Length of time the drug has an effect
Duration of action
Fillers and inert substances used to help drug take shape and size
Excipients
Drugs not bound to a protein;active
Free drugs
Time it takes 1/2 of a drugs concentration to leave the system
Half-life
Site on receptor where drug binds
Ligand-binding domain
Large initial dose needed to get the desired response of a drug
Loading dose
Drugs that effect various receptors and are non selective
Nonselective drugs
Effect various sites and have properties that are nonspecific
Nonspecific Drugs
Time it takes to reach minimum effective levels after admin
Onset of action
Occurs when drug reaches its highest concentrations
Peak action
Highest plasma concentration of a drug at a specific time
Peak drug level
Phase where drug becomes a solution able to cross biological membrane
Pharmaceutic Phase
Study of the way drugs affect the body
Pharmocodynamics
Process of drug movement to achieve drug action
Pharmacokenetics
Study of how the effect of a drug actin varies from predicted drug response due to genetic/hereditary factors
Pharmacogenetics
Psychological benefit from a compound that may not have the chemical structure of a drug effect
Placebo Effect
Degree to which a drug binds with protein
Protein Binding effect
Physiological effects not related to desired drug effects
Side Effects
Rapid decrease in response to the drug
ie: Narcotics, barbiturates, laxatives, and psychotropic agents
Tachyphylaxis
Measures the margin of safety for a drug
Therapeutic Index
Level of drug between the minimum effective concentration and toxic concentration
Therapeutic range(window)
Evaluates three parameters of drug actions:onset, peak, and duration
Time-response curve
Decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy
Tolerance
Measures rate at which drug is eliminated
Trough drug level
NVD
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
3 phases of drug action
?
4 phases of Pharmakinetics
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion/elimination
How the drug becomes available o the body fluids and tissue
Distribution
Main route of drug excretion happens where?
kidneys
4 Drug action categories
- Stimulant or depressant
- Replacement
- Inhibition or killing organisms
- Irritation
3 phases of drug action
- Pharmaceutics
- Pharmocokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
High protein binding effect percentage %
89%
