Ch.1-6 Flashcards
Pharmacology
Pharmakon which means medicine and study in Greek
It’s the study of medicine
Therapeutics
The branch of medicine concerned with the prevention of disease and the treatment of suffering
Pharmacotherapy
The application of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention and the treatment of suffering
Drugs
A chemical capable of producing biological effects in the body.
Desireable = Therapeutic Undesirable= Adverse
Medication
After a drug is administered
Biologics
Agents naturally produced in animal cells by microorganisms residing in the animal or by the animal itself
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Natural plant extracts, herbs, vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements and additional techniques outside the realm of therapy
PT, manipulations, masssge, acupuncture, hypnosis, & biofeedback
Therapeutic classification
Based on their therapeutic usefulness in treating particular diseases or disorders
Pharmacological classification
Refers to the way a drugs works at the molecular, tissue, or body system level
Uses a drug’s mechanism of action
Prototype drug
The primary drug in a class that other drugs in the same class are compared to
Chemical drug name
Assigned using standard nomenclature established by IUPAC
Lithium carbonate, calcium gluconate
Generic name
Assigned by the US Adopted Bane Council
Trade name
Short and easy to remember
Combination drugs
Have more than one active ingredient
Active ingredients on a drug are described by their generic name ( which is lowercase) whereas a trade name is uppercase.
Bioavailability
The physiological ability of the drug to reach its target cells and produce its effect
This can very btn trade and generic drugs
Bc of different filler ingredients, some generic drugs may take longer to take effect which can be significant depending on what the drug is doing
Negative formulary
A list of trade name drugs that pharmacists cannot replacw with generic drugs
Pharmacoeconomics
When a group of people may benefit from the making of a new drug but cost is considered
Today all drugs are listed in the
US Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary
Excipients (inactive ingredients) included
FDA made blackbox earnings
To warn major sided fears of drugs
Drug Approval Process
1) preclinical investigation
2) clinical investigation
3) review of the New Drug Applicaton (NDA)
4) Postmarketing surveillance
Preclinical investigation
Extensive labratory research
Includes animal testing
Clinical investigation
1) preform on volunteees to determine proper dosage
2)
3)
Review of the New Drug Application (NDA)
Drugs name is finalized and clinical and animal testing may continue. Review occurs for 2months-7years
Average is 2 years
Postmarketing surveillance
Survey the drug for adverse effects in the larger population
Teratogenic risk
A,B,C,D and X
D-women may benefit but fetus won’t
X- is generic abnormalities
