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Psychology > Ch1&10 Personal > Flashcards

Ch1&10 Personal Flashcards

1
Q

CH1

psychology -

A

study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

CH1

“empirical approach”

A

objective study conducted via careful observations and research (Hans horse)

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3
Q

CH1

pseudopsychology

A

phony, unscientific psychology pretending to be real thug (horoscopes, advertisements)

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4
Q

CH1

3 main branches of psychology

A

1) experimental (research)
2) teachers
3) applied (64% doctors)

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5
Q

CH1

psychology vs psychiatry

A

1) psychology: broader field, doctoral degrees in research

2) psychiatry: specific field, doctoral degrees in medicine

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6
Q

CH1

structuralism

A
  • William Wundt
  • most basic structures of mind
  • ”elements of conscious”
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7
Q 
CH1
introspection (Wundt)
A

reporting ones own conscious mental experiences (bear is brown)

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8
Q

CH1

functionalism

A
  • William James

* mental process was continually flowing and changing with environment

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9
Q

CH1

gestalt psychology

A
  • opposite of structuralism

* ”perceptual wholes”

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10
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
1) biological

A

searches for causes of behavior in functioning genes

neuroscience

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11
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
2) developmental

A

changes occur across a lifespan (child development, learning language, etc)

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12
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
3) cognitive

A

emphasizes mental processes like learning, memory as forms of information processing
(cognitive neuroscience)

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13
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
4) psychodynamic

A

motivated by irrational and unconscious motives

psychoanalysis - freud

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14
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
5) humanistic

A

actions are hugely influenced by self-concept and personal growth

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15
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
6) behavioral

A

environment affects actions more than mental processes

rewards/punishments

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16
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
7) sociocultural

A

importance of social interaction & cultural perspective

same environment, diff languages

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17
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
8) evolutionary

A

behavior has developed/adapted over time by natural selection

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18
Q

CH1
main perspectives of modern psych:
9) trait

A

results in behavior and personality

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19
Q

CH1

who is father of modern psychology

A

william james (functionalism - continuity)

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20
Q

CH1

dorothea dix

A

advocate for mentally ill (established first mental ill hospitals)

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21
Q

CH1

mary calkins

A

first female president of APA

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22
Q

CH1

margaret washburn

A

first woman with PhD in psychology

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23
Q

CH10

personality -

A

unique and relatively consistent or stable patterns of thinking feeling and acting

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24
Q

CH10
Freud
psychoanalytic theory -

A

Freud’s explanation of personality/mental disorder

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25
Q 
CH10
Freud
1) eros
2) libido
3) thanatos
A

1) sex drive
2) energy behind sex drive
3) destructive instinct

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26
Q

CH10
Freud
model of mind:

A

1) ego: conscious, compromises ID impulses and superego’s morals
2) superego: “police force” in charge of morals
3) ID: unconscious, instinctive desires and motives

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27
Q

CH10
Freud
child hood experiences

A

childhood experiences have strongest impact on personality formation/behavior

28
Q

CH10
Freud
psychosexual stages (5)

A

1) oral
2) anal
3) phallic (immature masturbation)
4) latency (quiet period)
5) genital (mature sexual relationships)

29
Q

CH10
Freud
1) oedipus complex
2) penis envy

A

1) boys feel erotic attraction towards mothers

2) girls attracted to males bc don’t have penis

30
Q

CH10
Freud
fixation

A

arrested psychological development (oral at wrong age)

31
Q 
CH10
Freud
ego defense mechanisms 
1) repression
2) denial
3) rationalization
4) reaction formation 
5) displacement 
6) regression
7) sublimation 
8) projection
A

1) repression - puts anxieties into unconscious
2) denial - denying situation exists
3) rationalization - socially acceptable reasons for bad behavior (“everyone does it”)
4) reaction formation - acting in opposition to feelings
5) displacement - shifting anger to another object (person)
6) regression - adopting juvenile behaviors
7) sublimation - aggressive desires in aceleres cultural ways (sports)
8) projection - blame other people or objects when upset

32
Q

CH10
Freud
projective tests

A

personality assessment instruments using ambiguous images

33
Q

CH10
Freud
RIT

A

projective test requiring ppl to describe what image they see

34
Q

CH10
Freud
TAT

A

projective test requiring ppl to generate story from image

35
Q

CH10
Jung
differences and similarities to freud

A

diff: spirituality was better than sexuality
same: collective unconscious = ID

36
Q

CH10
Jung
personal/collective unconscious

A

unconscious containing instinctive memories & archetypes in all ppl

37
Q

CH10
Jung
archetypes

A

collective memories forming ancient images

shadow - destructive tendencies we don’t want to acknowledge

38
Q

CH10
Jung
mental disorders

A

failure to acknowledge archetypes

39
Q

CH10
Jung
personality types (2)

A

extroverts and introverts

40
Q

CH10
Horney (psychodynamic)
1) basic anxiety
2) neurotic needs

A

1) sense of uncertainty in hostile world (leads to mental disorder)
2) signs of unhealthy development

41
Q

CH10
Horney
3 attitudes with basic anxiety:

A

1) towards others (clingy)
2) against others (competitive)
3) away from others (protect themselves from rejection)

42
Q

CH10
Alder
1) inferiority complex
2) compensation

A

1) unconscious, feeling inferior, roots in childhood (told ur dumb)
2) making up for ones unreal deficiencies (above)

43
Q

CH10
Allport
3 types of traits:

A

1) central (basis of ones personality : happy, sad)
2) secondary (attitudes, opinions)
3) cardinal (rare : greed, perversion)

44
Q

CH10
Maslow
believed in _____ view

A

humanistic !!

45
Q

CH10
Maslow
self-actualizing personalities

A

healthy individuals who met basic needs and fulfilled potentials (lincoln, einstein)

46
Q

CH10
Maslow
“hierarchy of needs”

A

without these, can produce maladjustment !!

1) self actualization
2) esteem
3) love
4) safety
5) physiological

47
Q

CH10
Rogers
fully functioning person (congruent, humanistic)

A

healthy, congruent with reality

thinks he’s smart and gets good grades

48
Q

CH10
Rogers
phenomenal field

A

our psychological reality

C means good or bad, depending on person

49
Q

CH10

positive psychology

A

focusing on desirable aspects of human functioning

50
Q

CH10
Rogers
CPR

A

conditional positive regard (love with positive encouragement)

51
Q

CH10
Bandura

key idea: environment vs behavior

A

observational learning - learning new responses by watching others
(phobias too!!)

52
Q

CH10
Bandura
reciprocal determinism

A

when cognitions, behavior, and environment mutually influence one another
(bad experience = won’t go back)

53
Q

CH10
Rotter
locus of control

A

individuals sense of where his/her influences originate
(internal = more confidence, better grades)
(external = less confidence, worse grades)

54
Q

CH10

traits

A

more specific characteristics in personality (cautious)

55
Q

CH10

temperaments

A

vague dispositions of personality (easygoing, difficult)

56
Q

CH10
Jerome Kagan
neurotransmitters

A

everyone has same neurotransmitters but with different mixes (unfriendly child = unfriendly environment)

57
Q

CH10

factor analysis

A

helps investigator look for relationships among personality tests

58
Q

CH10
big 5 (NEO-PI)
OCEAN

A

Paul Costa and Robert McCrae

1) openness to experience (intellect)
2) conscientiousness (responsibility)
3) extraversion
4) agreeableness
5) neuroticism (anxiety)

59
Q

CH10

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)

A

gives scores on clinical traits, detects mental illness

60
Q

CH10

1) reliability
2) validity

A

1) consistent results

2) measures what its built to measure

61
Q

CH10

** behavior results from an interaction of ____ and ____ variables **

A

trait

situational

62
Q

CH10

type

A

specific dimensions of persons personality that are common with others (intro/extroverts)

63
Q

CH10

Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A
  • based on Jungian types
  • use in personality-career surveys
  • reliability and validity low
64
Q

CH10

implicit personality theory

A

assumptions abt personality held by people (nonpsychologists)

65
Q

CH10

fundamental attribution error

A

assumption that another persons behavior (clumsy) is flaw in personality instead of situation

Psychology (3 decks)

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