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NE > CH.06 > Flashcards

CH.06 Flashcards

1
Q

Internet/net

A
  • global system of private and public computer and network
  • composed of more than 750 million hosts
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2
Q

cyberspace

A
  • a term used refer to internet
  • unlimited span of network using same data exchange method
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3
Q

host

A

computer has two way to access other computer
- receive request
-reply request

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4
Q

network service provider (NSP)

A
  • maintain internet backbone
  • main high speed rout
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5
Q

network access point (NAP)

A
  • allow data to start on one network then cross over to another network
    -How NSP are linked
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6
Q

Router

A

specialized devices that connect network, locate the best path of transmission, and ensure that data reaches its destination

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7
Q

Interoperability

A

ability to work with different brands and models of computer

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8
Q

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A

Manages assembling of a message or file into smaller packets
- Packets are transmitted over Internet
- TCP layer on the destination computer reassembles the packets into the original message

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9
Q

Internet Protocol (IP)

A

Handles the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination

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10
Q

Internet service providers (ISPs)

A

1- Providing and maintaining a connection to the Internet
2- Supporting the hardware and software needed to service that connection
3- Protecting their site and network from external threats such as viruses, hacker attacks, and other illegal activities
4- Providing 24-hour customer service and technical support

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11
Q

Online service provider (OSP)

A

1- A for-profit firm that provides a proprietary network
2- Offers special services only available to subscribers
- Examples: MSN “Microsoft ” and AOL “America Online”

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12
Q

Wireless Internet service provider

A

Company that provides wireless Internet access

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13
Q

Hot spot

A

Public location that provides Internet access for wireless devices

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14
Q

example of hot spot

A

airport, college campus, or coffee shop

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15
Q

Methods to access the Internet

A

1- Dial-up access—uses modem and telephone line
2- Digital subscriber line (DSL)—high-speed online connection—external modem with telephone lines
3- Cable access—high-speed Internet connection—cable modem not a phone line
4- Satellite—high-speed Internet service with antenna and dish connected to indoor receive unit (IRU) and indoor transmit unit (ITU)
5- Fiber-optic service—high-speed Internet—fiber-optic lines direct

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16
Q

World Wide Web (also known as the Web or WWW)

A

1- Contains billions of documents
2- Part of the Internet
3- Uses the Internet to transport information
4- Separate entity from the Internet
5- No one owns the Web
6- Standards and guidelines for the Web are published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

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17
Q

difference between web and internet?

A

1- Web contains the information.
2- Internet transports information to and from users.

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18
Q

Web page

A

Document that may include text, graphics, sound, animation, and video

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19
Q

Web browser

A

Program that displays Web pages and linked items

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20
Q

Web site

A
  • Collection of Web pages
  • Typically contains a home page (also called an index page)—default page displayed when you enter a site
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21
Q

Hypertext

A

Uses links to connect to additional related information

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22
Q

Hyperlinks or links

A

Words and images that bring other documents into view when clicked

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23
Q

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

A

Uses tags to specify how a Web page should display

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24
Q

Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)

A

HTML combined with Extensible Markup Language (XML) to reduce the complexity of HTML

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25
Q

Distributed hypermedia system

A
  • Network-based content development system
  • Uses multimedia resources as a means to of navigation or illustration
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26
Q

Web 2.0

A
  • Current generation of the Web
  • Provides opportunities to collaborate, interface, and create new content using blogs, Wikis, and podcasts
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27
Q

Some issues with Web distribution include:

A

1- Dead links (also known as broken links)
2- Information posted on the Web is not validated.
3- Information overload due to too much data

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28
Q

Plug-ins

A

Additional software programs to extend the ability of the browser; usually to enable multimedia features.

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29
Q

plug-ins example

A

1- Acrobat Reader
2- Adobe Flash Player
3- Adobe Shockwave Player
4- Apple QuickTime
5- Real Player
6- Windows Media Player

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30
Q

Browser cache

A

Stores Web page files and graphics on a computer hard drive when the user visits a site for the first time

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31
Q

Web servers

A

1- Web sites and their associated information are stored here
2- Used to recognize information requests, process the requests, and send the requested documents

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32
Q

Internet Protocol (IP) address

A

1- PCs and servers connect to internet given a unique network identifier
2- Numerical identification and logical address
3- The IP address consists of four groups of numbers, separated by periods.
4- The value in each group ranges from 0 to 255. As an example, 64.12.245.203

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33
Q

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A

1- Identifies Internet resource’s type and location
2- For example: It is much easier to access the AOL Web site by typing the URL, www.aol.com, than it is to remember 64.12.245.203.
3- A complete URL actually has four distinct parts: protocol, domain name, path, and resource/filename.

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34
Q

Downloading

A

Process of transferring a file or document from one computer to user’s computer

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35
Q

Surfing the Web

A

Type a URL into the address bar
Click a tab in the browser window
Click a hyperlink

36
Q

History list

A

Compiles a list of the Web pages visited

37
Q

Favorites or Bookmarks feature

A

Allows Web pages visited often to be marked

38
Q

Uploading

A

Process of transferring a file or document from user’s computer to another computer

39
Q

Really Simple Syndication (RSS)

A

Connection to a Web site that allows users to receive constant updates

40
Q

Aggregator

A

Regularly checks each site on your subscriptions list and sends alerts if new information has been published

41
Q

Wiki (short for wiki-wiki, the Hawaiian word for “fast”)

A

Simple Web page where any visitor can post text or images, change posted information, and track earlier changes

42
Q

Blog (short for Weblog)

A

Internet equivalent of a journal or diary where bloggers post opinions, thoughts, and interesting links

43
Q

Subject guide

A

Web pages grouped under specific headings—offered by some search sites

44
Q

Portal

A

Web page that acts as a gateway to diverse sources and presents them in an organized way

45
Q

Clickstream

A

Trail of Web links followed to arrive at a particular site

46
Q

Search engines

A

Index databases of Web pages to enable fast information searches

47
Q

Spiders

A

Programs that roam the Web to add new Web pages to search engine indexes

48
Q

Link rot

A

Results from hyperlinks that no longer work or Web pages that have been removed or restructured

49
Q

Specialized search engines

A

Index information, such as job advertisements, and names and addresses

50
Q

Search operators

A

Perform complex searches

51
Q

Wildcard symbols (also called truncation symbols)

A
  • Replace the zero or additional characters in search words to improve search accuracy
  • Examples: ? and *
52
Q

Phrase searching

A
  • Place quotation marks around a phrase to create a complete unit for search purposes
  • The result—search engines retrieve only those sites that contain the exact phrase
53
Q

Inclusion operators

A
  • Used so only Web pages including those criteria are retrieved
  • Example: plus sign (+)
54
Q

Exclusion operators

A
  • Used so only Web pages excluding those criteria are retrieved
  • Example: minus sign (-)
55
Q

Boolean searches

A
  • Link search words by using logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT
  • Using the AND, OR, and NOT logical operators provides additional criteria for a search engine to use when retrieving documents
56
Q

Nesting

A
  • A Boolean search operator that uses parentheses
  • The search engine evaluates the expression from left to right, and searches for content in the parentheses first
57
Q

Evaluate information obtained from the Web:

A
  • Who is author?
  • Does the author reference sources?
  • Who is the Web page affiliated with? Who pays for it?
  • Is the language objective/dispassionate or strident/argumentative?
  • What is the purpose of the page?
  • Does the information appear to be accurate?
  • Is the page current?
58
Q

Use Web information for schoolwork

A
  • Access authoritative online sources.
  • Locate published works.
  • Provide appropriate online and offline reference citations in your work.
59
Q

Internet service

A

Set of standards or protocols that identify how computers communicate through the Internet

60
Q

Electronic mail (e-mail)

A

Type of application software that makes sending and receiving messages through computer networks possible

61
Q

E-mail attachment

A

Computer file included with an e-mail message

62
Q

E-mail address

A
  • Unique cyberspace address for each individual
  • Consists of a user name, the name of the hosting e-mail service, and the top-level domain
63
Q

Spam

A
  • Unsolicited e-mails, usually from advertisers
  • Do not open spam
64
Q

Malware

A

Malicious software that places a computer in the spammer’s control

65
Q

Spyware

A

Gathers data from a system without knowledge

66
Q

Botnet

A

Set of infected computers that places computers under the control of a bot herder

67
Q

Instant messaging (IM) systems

A

Allow immediate, real-time communication with contacts
- Requires additional software
- Notifies users when a contact is connected to the Internet
- Spimming—spam for instant messaging

68
Q

Internet relay chat (IRC)

A

Special type of Internet service that gives users the ability to join chat groups called channels

69
Q

Social networking

A

Helps people connect
Sites such as MySpace provide the ability to create large communities online.

70
Q

Usenet

A
  • Worldwide discussion system available through the Internet
  • Made up of many newsgroups—discussion groups dedicated to one topic
  • Discussions within newsgroups are in threads—groupings of commentaries on a particular subject
    **Standard newsgroups—of high-quality discussions
    **Alt newsgroups—created by anyone
    **Biz newsgroups—devoted to commercial use
71
Q

Message board

A
  • Similar to a newsgroup
  • Easier to use
  • Does not require a newsreader
72
Q

Electronic mailing lists

A
  • similar to newsgroups and forums, except that:
    **Only subscribers can receive and view messages.
    **Messages posted to the mailing list are automatically sent to everyone on the list.
  • Majordomo is a common freeware electronic mailing list manager.
73
Q

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

A
  • Users can speak to others over a broadband Internet connection instead of an analog phone line
  • Requires a broadband Internet connection
  • A VoIP service provider such as Skype
  • A VoIP adapter or computer with supporting software
  • Calls are usually free to others using the same service.
74
Q

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A
  • Method to transfer files over the Internet
  • Use when files are too large to attach to e-mails
  • Usually requires a user name and a password
  • Use to upload Web pages
75
Q

Anonymous FTP

A
  • Files are available publicly available for downloading
  • Lack of security
  • Do not send sensitive material
76
Q

E-tailers (Web-based retailers)

A

online merchant

77
Q

Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce

A

Refers to a business providing supplies to other businesses via the Internet

78
Q

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce

A
  • Refers to the exchange of business between individuals
  • Example: eBay
79
Q

Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce

A

Refers to shopping online rather than at a physical store

80
Q

Online shopping

A
  • Shop for good deals
  • Use shopping portals to compare prices and products
    Example: PriceGrabber.com
  • Look for coupons and rebates
81
Q

Drawbacks to B2C e-commerce

A
  • Buyers miss speaking with real sales clerks.
  • Buyers cannot touch merchandise before purchase.
  • Buyers have to wait for delivery of merchandise.
82
Q

Online e-commerce solutions to drawbacks

A
  • Online chats with live customer service representatives
  • Provide a wide variety of shipping options
  • Provide good customer service by responding quickly to customer inquiries
83
Q

Building your own business

A
  • Only needs a low capital investment
  • Requires an ISP, a Web site, and the ability to ship purchases
84
Q

Netiquette

A

Series of guidelines for good manners when using an Internet service

85
Q

Flames

A

Angry messages sent by other users

86
Q

Guidelines for safe surfing

A
  • Never give out identifying information.
  • Never respond to suggestive messages.
  • Never open e-mail from an unknown source.
  • Never allow a child to make arrangements for a face-to-face meeting alone.
  • Remember individuals online may not be who they claim to be.
  • Set reasonable rules and guidelines for computer use by children.
  • Make using the computer a family activity.

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