Ch's 6-10

Question 1

situs solitus

Answer 1

refers to the normal arrangement of vessels and organs within the body

Question 2

Apical 4 CHRT

Answer 2

Allows optimal visualization of the apex of the hrt, the ventricles, the atrioventricular valves, and longitudinal atrial and ventricular dimensions

Question 3

Basal 4 CHRT

Answer 3

Allows adequate visualization fo the atrial and the atrioventricular valves

Question 4

Lateral (axial) view

Answer 4

Allows adequate visualization of the atrial and ventricular septa, atrial and ventricular walls, ventricular contractility, and septal thickness.

Question 5

The width of the heart, at the level of the atrioventricular valves corresponds to…..

Answer 5

approximately the gestational age in weeks

Question 6

situs inversus

Answer 6

refers to a mirror-image arrangement of organs and vessels to situs solitus. Situs inversus is associated with a slight increase in the incidence of complex congenial heart disease.

Question 7

Situs ambiguous (heterotaxy)

Answer 7

refers to visceral malpositions and malformations different from situs solitus or inversus.

Question 8

Dextrocardia

Answer 8

a term used to describe a heart that is located in the rt chest

Question 9

mesocardia

Answer 9

refers to a central position of the heart in the chest

Question 10

levocardia

Answer 10

refers to a lt sided position of the heart

Question 11

dextropostion

Answer 11

a form of dextrocardia, describes a heart that is located in the rt chest with the apex pointing medially or to the lt.

Question 12

dextroversion

Answer 12

describes a heart that is located in the rt chest with the cardiac axis pointing to the rt side

Question 13

mesocardia

Answer 13

indicates an atypical location of the heart with the apex pointing toward the midline of the chest.

Question 14

levocardia

Answer 14

a term denoting the normal position of the heart, is often used when visceral situs abnormalities are present.

Question 15

levoposition

Answer 15

refers to the condition where the heart is displaced farther toward the lt chest, usually in association with a space occupying lession.

Question 16

what is the fetal rib corresponding to the 4 chrt view?

Answer 16

the fourth thoracic rib

Question 17

the width of the hear at the level of the atrioventricular valves…..

Answer 17

corresponds approximately to GA in weeks.

Question 18

How can the fetal cardiac dimensions be easily assessed?

Answer 18

by measuring the ratio of cardiac circumference or area to the chest circumference or area obtained at the level of the 4CHRT view

Question 19

what are the normal values of C/T area?

Answer 19

0.25 - 0.35

Question 20

the coronary sinus

Answer 20

delivers venous return from the heart, runs across the atrioventricular groove posteriorly and enters the rt atrium inferiorly

Question 21

the IAS can be recognized in which view?

Answer 21

the 4chrt view during diastole

Question 22

Which veins drain directly into the heart?

Answer 22

SVC, IVC, CS, and PV’s

Question 23

The DV….

Answer 23

is a thin hourglass-shaped fetal vessel that connects the UV to the heart.

Question 24

When do we see the “U” sign in the 3VT view?

Answer 24

When a right-sided aortic arch is present; it can be found in combination with a lt ductus arteriosus. It can also be a sign of double aortic arch.

Question 25

in the 3VT view, if we have 3 vessels, but no SVC, what does this suggests?

Answer 25

Present persistent lt SVC with absent rt SVC.

Question 26

What is an absent or hypoplastic thymus suggestive of?

Answer 26

the presence of a 22q11 deletion.

Question 27

What is the thymic-thoracic ratio?

Answer 27

Under normal conditions, the ratio is constant throughout pregnancy with a value of 0.44 and is less than 0.3 in most fetuses with 22q11 deletion.

Question 28

What is associated with an abnormal 3VT view?

Answer 28

Most life-threatening ductal-dependent cardiac malformations.

Question 29

What does a demonstration of a dialated LBCV suggests?

Answer 29

A clue to the presence of supracardiac type of TAPVC.

Question 30

How is the SVC formed?

Answer 30

by the fusion of the LBCV, RBCV and the azygos vein.

Question 31

The DV….

Answer 31

is a thin hourglass-shaped fetal vessel that connects the UV to the heart carrying oxygen rich blood.

Question 32

What does a dilated PA suggestive of in the 3VT

Answer 32

Can be found in isolated pulmonary valve stenosis with poststenotic dilation of the main pulmonary artery. A hugely dilated PA in the 3VT is typically found in tetralogy of Fallot.

Question 33

What is absent pulmonary valve syndrome often present with?

Answer 33

the absence of the arterial duct.

Question 34

What c(ardiac anomaly is associated with a single normal-sized great vessel in the 3VT view?

Answer 34

Transposition of the great arteries. (TGA)