Ch e

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

collection of values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, arts, and attitudes that distinguish one society from another

Question 2

cultural intelligence

Answer 2

an outsider’s capability to relate and work effectively across cultures

Question 3

cultural sensitivity (cultural empathy)

Answer 3

is the awareness of and honest caring about another individual’s culture. Needed along with cultural IQ to negotiate effectively in expatriate assignments

Question 4

creolization

Answer 4

when immigrants adopt some aspects of the local culture while keeping aspect of their culture of origin

Question 5

contingency management

Answer 5

international managers need to adapt their management styles of the local setting and people

Question 6

expatriate failure

Answer 6

primarily due to cross-cultural differences

Question 7

cultural diffusion

Answer 7

brought about by globalization in all its forms of personal and business contacts and information crossing borders

Question 8

sociocultural variables of culture

Answer 8

religion, language, education

Question 9

societal culture

Answer 9

represents the expectations, norms, and goals within a region or nation

Question 10

organizational culture

Answer 10

norms, expectations and goals within an organization. Informal cultures interact casually and wear casual clothes. A strong org culture like Walt Disney World can lead to greater loyalty but some strong org cultures can be overly focused on domestic (ethnocentric).

Question 11

convergence

Answer 11

the phenomenon of the shifting of individual management styles to become more similar to one another

Question 12

self reference criterion

Answer 12

the unconscious reference point of one’s own cultural values

Question 13

subcultures

Answer 13

distinct sub groups within the main culture. Eg. Anglophones and francophone and indigenous Canadians are subcultures in Canada

Question 14

parochialism

Answer 14

expectation that foreigners should automatically fall into host-country patterns of behavior

Question 15

ethnocentrism

Answer 15

the belief that the practices of one’s own country are best (the center) no matter where or under what conditions they are applied. Understand your own culture first to help prevent ethnocentrism

Question 16

stereotyping

Answer 16

refers to the assumption that every member of a society or subculture has the same characteristics or traits without regard to individual differences. This should be avoided by international managers because many countries have diverse subcultures

Question 17

values

Answer 17

a society’s ideas and convictions about what is right or wrong and good or bad

Question 18

GLOBE Dimensions

Answer 18

Assertiveness, future orientation, performance orientation, humane orientation

Question 19

assertiveness

Answer 19

countries low on assertiveness tend to prefer warm and cooperative relations and harmony

Question 20

humane orientation

Answer 20

measures the extent to which a society encourages and rewards people for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring and kind

Question 21

future orientation

Answer 21

inclined to long-term planning and focuses on planning and investing in the future. Ex. Singapore and Switzerland

Question 22

performance orientation

Answer 22

tend to take initiative and have a sense or urgency and the confidence to get things done. Ex. managers from Singapore, Hong Kong and the US

Question 23

hofstede’s dimensions

Answer 23

Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism, femininity/masculinity, long term/short term orientation

Question 24

power distance

Answer 24

characterized by inequalities between superiors and subordinates, autocratic leadership, concentrated power among executives and little autonomy for subordinates, and companies tend to be more hierarchical, with power deriving from prestige, force, and inheritance

Question 25

uncertainty avoidance

Answer 25

a large/high uncertainty avoidance culture values security and places its faith in strong systems of rule, laws and procedures in society to which people adhere.

Question 26

individualism

Answer 26

the tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family and to place less emphasis on the needs of the society

Question 27

collectivism

Answer 27

emphasizes loyalty to the family and tribe, ties among individuals are highly valued, and compromise and conformity help maintain group harmony. Eg. Saudi Arabia

Question 28

masculine societies

Answer 28

tend to be individualistic and high power distance

Question 29

universalistic

Answer 29

societies that emphasize applying rules and system objectively

Question 30

neutral society

Answer 30

members are less likely to express their emotions openly during a business situation. Exs. England, Germany, and Japan

Question 30

particularistic

Answer 30

societies in which people are more likely consider the individual circumstances as opposed to objectively applying the rules to everyone. People from particularistic societies are more likely to pass on insider information.

Question 30

trompenaars value dimensions

Answer 30

specific vs diffuse, neutral vs affective, and universalism vs particularism

Question 30

affective society

Answer 30

members are more likely to express their emotions openly during a business situation. Exs. Greece, China, and Mexico

Question 30

specific orientated

Answer 30

cultures in which managers separate their work and private lives and tend to be open and direct when communicating with coworkers

Question 31

achievement society

Answer 31

sources of power and status will most likely be based upon how well you perform on the job

Question 32

ascription society

Answer 32

sources of power and status will most likely be based on age, gender, etc. as opposed to achievement

Question 33

internet usage

Answer 33

varies based on local attitudes to information privacy

Question 34

media exposure

Answer 34

can cause changes in traditional, non-Western societies

Question 35

Guanxi

Answer 35

network of relationships centered on mutual obligations and favors

Question 36

Harris and Moran Characteristics of workplace behaviors

Answer 36

Americans value being competitive and aggressive, have a strong work ethic and value being highly organized and institutionally minded. Arabs value hospitality, five times a day prayer pattern, indirect communication style and believe important deadlines cannot be rushed

Question 37

kinship system

Answer 37

refers to the influence of family relationships

Question 38

religious systems

Answer 38

underlies both moral and economic norms and influences everyday business transactions and on-the-job behaviors