Ch. 97- Antifungal Agents Flashcards
What are the two major groups of organisms that cause superficial mycoses?
Candida species and dermatophytes
Dermatophytes include species of Epidermophyton, Trichophyton, and Microsporum.
What is vulvovaginal candidiasis?
A common infection experienced by 75% of women at least once
Risk factors include pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, and use of systemic glucocorticoids.
What is the treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis?
1 or 3 days topical therapy or a single dose of fluconazole 150 mg
What is oral candidiasis also known as?
Thrush
What topical treatments are used for oral candidiasis?
- Nystatin
- Clotrimazole
- Miconazole
What is onychomycosis?
Fungal infection of the nails
What is the oral therapy for onychomycosis?
- Terbinafine (Lamisil)
- Itraconazole (Sporanox)
What is the treatment duration for onychomycosis?
3-6 months
What is the drug of choice for dermatophytic infections and candidiasis of skin, mouth, and vagina?
Clotrimazole
What are the limitations of ketoconazole?
Limited oral usage due to toxicity; avoid oral usage for superficial fungal infection if possible
What is the primary use of miconazole?
Topical drug of choice for dermatophytic infections and cutaneous & vulvovaginal candidiasis
What is the indication for fluconazole?
Oral therapy of vulvovaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, and onychomycosis
What are the topical treatments for tinea infections?
- Oxiconazole
- Sulconazole
What is griseofulvin used for?
Oral use only for superficial mycoses
What is the mechanism of action of griseofulvin?
Inhibits fungal mitosis, affecting only actively growing fungi
What are the adverse effects of griseofulvin?
- Transient headache
- Rash
- GI effects
- Insomnia
- Tiredness
- Hepatotoxicity
What is the drug of choice for intestinal candidiasis?
Nystatin
What is the risk associated with terbinafine?
Risk of liver failure; requires baseline liver function tests
What is tolnaftate used for?
Active against dermatophytes but not against Candida species, used topically
What is undecylenic acid primarily indicated for?
Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
What is ciclopirox?
A broad-spectrum topical antifungal treating infections of skin, fingernails, and toenails
