Ch 9: Weight Management

Question 1

fat cell development

Answer 1

body fat is reflective of the number of adipose cells

• born w a certain number of cells in utero, obese individuals have more
• cell number will never decrease but the size can due to energy difference (more out than in)

Question 2

lipoprotein lipase

Answer 2

located in endothelial cells (the more vascularized the area, the higher the LPL activity)

• responsible for the breakdown fats and uptake of TG into tissues
• activity is higher in obese people (overall fat oxidation in obese people is lower)

Question 3

set point theory

Answer 3

• body likes to maintain homeostasis
• hypothalamus likes to regulate the body
• the body tries to adjust to original weight

Question 4

causes of overweight and obesity

Answer 4

• lifestyle over genetics
• env’t: yes overeating and sedentary lifestyle is common, this plays a greater role than genetics
• people with leptin resistance tend to be overweight but this is the result of a mutation which is very rare

Question 5

leptin

Answer 5

a hormone that suppresses appetite produced in adipose tissue,
- increases energy expenditure
- higher in obesity
people w leptin resistance tend to be overweight

Question 6

weight loss strategies

Answer 6

• a goal of losing 1/2 lb/ week is good
• in the long run, any progress is good
• goal for fat loss but retention of lean mass

Question 7

adiponectin

Answer 7

a hormone released from adipose tissue

• increases insulin sensitivity
• lower in obesity

Question 8

resistin

Answer 8

hormone released from adipose tissue, bone marrow, immune system cells

• provides short term satiety
• opposes insulin
• higher in obesity

Question 9

high quality weight loss

Answer 9

refers to the loss of fat but not muscle

• resistance exercise, aerobic exercise for calories
• attained by having a protein intake higher than the RDA

Question 10

uncoupling proteins

Answer 10

• 2 types of fat that influence the storage and expenditure of energy
• ## found in white adipose tissue (brown present during infancy but we have none now)

Question 11

white adipose tissue

Answer 11

• main type of adipose tissue in adults

- stores fat for other tissues to use

Question 12

how are humans unique?

Answer 12

we sweat so we don’t overheat thus allowing us to regulate our body temperatures

Question 13

socioeconomic status and obesity

Answer 13

obesity rates go up as socioeconomic status goes down

- the more money you have, the less likely you are to partake in negative behaviours ex. smoking

Question 14

successful weight loss strategies

Answer 14

• small portions
• eat breakfast to curb hunger
• 60 mins phys activity/day
• weight periodically
• watch <10 hr TV/week