Ch. 9 Skeletal System: Articulations Flashcards
What are motion joint classifications (3) based on?
the range of motion allowed between articulating bones (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis)
How much movement in synarthrosis joint?
NO movement allowed
How much movement in amphitarthrosis joint?
SOME movement allowed
How much movement in a diarthrosis joint?
ALL movement allowed
What are all the joint motion classifications (3) based on?
their structural features (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial)
What tissue makes fibrous joints? Space? Movement classes possible?
dense regular collagenous tissue (DRCT) WITHOUT a joint space that joins bones and can be synarthroses or amphiarthroses
What are cartilaginous joints?
bones joined by cartilage WITHOUT a joint space and can be synarthroses or amphiarthroses
what joints are ligaments (DRCT) that join bones & have a layer of hyaline cartilage on their articulating surfaces and are all diarthroses?
synovial joints
What exists in the joint space of a synovial joint?
a fluid-filled cavity between the bones
What are the classes of fibrous (3) joints?
suture, gomphoses, syndesmoses
the joints between bones in the cranium once fused, very stable; immoveable; DRCT
suture
immoveable joint between each tooth & bony socket (ex. periodontal ligament)
gomphoses
periodontal ligament
fibrous membrane linking tooth to alveolar jaw bone (is fibrous gomphoses)
Fibrous syndesmoses
slightly moveable joint between radius/ulna, tibia/fibula (ligament is DRCT)
What are the classes of cartilaginous (2) joints? (one is bound by hyaline; other is bound by fibrocartilage)
synchondroses (hyaline-bound) and symphyses (fibrocartilage-bound)
synchondroses
linked by hyaline cartilage (epiphyseal plate, costochondral joint, first sternocostal joint) all are synarthroses
location of costochondral joint
between ribs & costal cartilages
what joints are linked by a fibrocartilaginous pad or plug (ex. invertebral joint, pubic symphysis) all are amphiarthroses
symphysis joints
What are the movement types of synovial joints (6)?
plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball-to-socket (stability —> range of motion)
What’s an example of a synovial joint?
knee joint, shoulder joint, elbow joint
What are the key parts of a synovial joint? (3)
articular capsule, a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid, and articular cartilage
articular capsule (part of + layer function)
part of synovial joint;
double-layered:
outer(stabilize)
inner(secrete synovial fluid)
What does the outer layer of an articular capsule consist of?
- fibrous layer
- stabilizes bones
What does the inner layer of an articular capsule consist of? Function?
synovial membrane, its cells secrete synovial fluid
What is the function of a synovial cavity? (filled with synovial fluid)
part of synovial joint; lubricates, absorbs shock, and transports nutrients/removes waste
another name for hyaline cartilage; provides a smooth, low-friction surface for articulating bones
articular cartilage
What are the stabilizing features of synovial joints? (3)
ligaments (bone-to-bone)
tendons (muscle-to-bone),
bursae (synovial capsules in high stress areas)
+ tendon sheaths (long bursa that protects sliding tendons)
ligaments
connects bone-to-bone, DRCT
tendons
muscle-to-bone, DRCT, part of skeletal muscle, stabilizes joint when muscle contracts
bursae
synovial capsules in high stress areas
tendon sheaths
long bursa that protects sliding tendons
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa (hip,elbow,knee)
arthitis
inflammation of a joint that causes paint and limits movement
osteo-
due to wear and tear, age, prior injury
Rheumatoid
autoimmune attack
gouty
uric acid buildup
Example of a synovial plane joint
carpals (intercarpal joints)
Geometry of a synovial plane joint
between two flat surfaces
Movement of a synovial plane joint
NONaxial
Example of a synovial hinge joint
elbow joint / hip / shoulder / knee
Geometry of a synovial hinge joint
between convex/concave surface
Movement of a synovial hinge joint
UNIaxial movement
Example of a synovial pivot joint
dens of axis (atlantoaxial joint)
Geometry of a synovial pivot joint
round surface fits into a groove;
Movement of a synovial pivot joint
UNIaxial movement, pivot/rotation
Example of a synovial condylar joint
phalanges (metacarpophalangeal joint)
Movement of a synovial condylar joint
BIaxial movement
Example of a synovial saddle joint
I metacarpal/trapezium (carpometacarpal thumb joint)
Movement of a synovial saddle joint
BIaxial movement
Example of a synovial ball-to-socket joint
shoulder joint
Movement of a synovial ball-to-socket joint
MULTIaxial movement
What are the major synovial joints? (4)
Shoulder, Elbow, Hip, Knee
synovial elbow joint (type?)
a hinge joint composed
What are the two parts of the elbow joints?
humeroradial and humeroulnar
What are the three ligaments in the elbow?
Radial collateral, anular, ulnar collateral
What joint is a ball-to-socket; multiaxial, most freely moving joint in the human body thus least stable
synovial shoulder (glenohumeral) joint
What are the tendons of the rotator cuff? (4)
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
What type and what axial movement does the synovial hip (coxal) joint have? Is it more or less stable than shoulder joint? Why?
ball-to-socket multiaxial, freely moving but more stable than shoulder due to weight bearing property
What are the ligaments of the coxal (hip) joint?
Ligament head of femur, iliofemoral, pubofermoral
a modified hinge joint, primarily uniaxial with some rotation
synovial knee joint
What are the ligaments of the knee joint? (5)
Posterior cruciate (PCL), anterior cruciate, (ACL) medial/tibial collateral (M/T-CL), patellar (PL), fibular collateral (FCL)
what is the patellofemoral joint part of
part of knee joint
synovial movement axes (4)
nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, multi/triaxial
nonaxial movement; example?
movement around 0 axes; intercarpal joint
uniaxial movement; example?
movement around 1 axes; elbow
biaxial movement; example?
movement around 2 axes; finger-to-palm joint
multi/triaxial movement; example?
movement around >2 axes; shoulder joint
What are the types of movement at synovial joints? (4)
gliding, angular, rotation, special
Where is gliding synovial movement found?
carpal joints
