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Anatomy > Ch. 9 Skeletal System: Articulations > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Skeletal System: Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

What are motion joint classifications (3) based on?

A

the range of motion allowed between articulating bones (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis)

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2
Q

How much movement in synarthrosis joint?

A

NO movement allowed

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3
Q

How much movement in amphitarthrosis joint?

A

SOME movement allowed

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4
Q

How much movement in a diarthrosis joint?

A

ALL movement allowed

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5
Q

What are all the joint motion classifications (3) based on?

A

their structural features (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial)

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6
Q

What tissue makes fibrous joints? Space? Movement classes possible?

A

dense regular collagenous tissue (DRCT) WITHOUT a joint space that joins bones and can be synarthroses or amphiarthroses

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7
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

bones joined by cartilage WITHOUT a joint space and can be synarthroses or amphiarthroses

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8
Q

what joints are ligaments (DRCT) that join bones & have a layer of hyaline cartilage on their articulating surfaces and are all diarthroses?

A

synovial joints

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9
Q

What exists in the joint space of a synovial joint?

A

a fluid-filled cavity between the bones

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10
Q

What are the classes of fibrous (3) joints?

A

suture, gomphoses, syndesmoses

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11
Q

the joints between bones in the cranium once fused, very stable; immoveable; DRCT

A

suture

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12
Q

immoveable joint between each tooth & bony socket (ex. periodontal ligament)

A

gomphoses

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13
Q

periodontal ligament

A

fibrous membrane linking tooth to alveolar jaw bone (is fibrous gomphoses)

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14
Q

Fibrous syndesmoses

A

slightly moveable joint between radius/ulna, tibia/fibula (ligament is DRCT)

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15
Q

What are the classes of cartilaginous (2) joints? (one is bound by hyaline; other is bound by fibrocartilage)

A

synchondroses (hyaline-bound) and symphyses (fibrocartilage-bound)

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16
Q

synchondroses

A

linked by hyaline cartilage (epiphyseal plate, costochondral joint, first sternocostal joint) all are synarthroses

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17
Q

location of costochondral joint

A

between ribs & costal cartilages

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18
Q

what joints are linked by a fibrocartilaginous pad or plug (ex. invertebral joint, pubic symphysis) all are amphiarthroses

A

symphysis joints

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19
Q

What are the movement types of synovial joints (6)?

A

plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball-to-socket (stability —> range of motion)

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20
Q

What’s an example of a synovial joint?

A

knee joint, shoulder joint, elbow joint

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21
Q

What are the key parts of a synovial joint? (3)

A

articular capsule, a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid, and articular cartilage

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22
Q

articular capsule (part of + layer function)

A

part of synovial joint;
double-layered:
outer(stabilize)
inner(secrete synovial fluid)

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23
Q

What does the outer layer of an articular capsule consist of?

A
  • fibrous layer
  • stabilizes bones
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24
Q

What does the inner layer of an articular capsule consist of? Function?

A

synovial membrane, its cells secrete synovial fluid

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25
Q

What is the function of a synovial cavity? (filled with synovial fluid)

A

part of synovial joint; lubricates, absorbs shock, and transports nutrients/removes waste

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26
Q

another name for hyaline cartilage; provides a smooth, low-friction surface for articulating bones

A

articular cartilage

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27
Q

What are the stabilizing features of synovial joints? (3)

A

ligaments (bone-to-bone)
tendons (muscle-to-bone),
bursae (synovial capsules in high stress areas)
+ tendon sheaths (long bursa that protects sliding tendons)

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28
Q

ligaments

A

connects bone-to-bone, DRCT

29
Q

tendons

A

muscle-to-bone, DRCT, part of skeletal muscle, stabilizes joint when muscle contracts

30
Q

bursae

A

synovial capsules in high stress areas

31
Q

tendon sheaths

A

long bursa that protects sliding tendons

32
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa (hip,elbow,knee)

33
Q

arthitis

A

inflammation of a joint that causes paint and limits movement

34
Q

osteo-

A

due to wear and tear, age, prior injury

35
Q

Rheumatoid

A

autoimmune attack

36
Q

gouty

A

uric acid buildup

37
Q

Example of a synovial plane joint

A

carpals (intercarpal joints)

38
Q

Geometry of a synovial plane joint

A

between two flat surfaces

39
Q

Movement of a synovial plane joint

A

NONaxial

40
Q

Example of a synovial hinge joint

A

elbow joint / hip / shoulder / knee

41
Q

Geometry of a synovial hinge joint

A

between convex/concave surface

42
Q

Movement of a synovial hinge joint

A

UNIaxial movement

43
Q

Example of a synovial pivot joint

A

dens of axis (atlantoaxial joint)

44
Q

Geometry of a synovial pivot joint

A

round surface fits into a groove;

45
Q

Movement of a synovial pivot joint

A

UNIaxial movement, pivot/rotation

46
Q

Example of a synovial condylar joint

A

phalanges (metacarpophalangeal joint)

47
Q

Movement of a synovial condylar joint

A

BIaxial movement

48
Q

Example of a synovial saddle joint

A

I metacarpal/trapezium (carpometacarpal thumb joint)

49
Q

Movement of a synovial saddle joint

A

BIaxial movement

50
Q

Example of a synovial ball-to-socket joint

A

shoulder joint

51
Q

Movement of a synovial ball-to-socket joint

A

MULTIaxial movement

52
Q

What are the major synovial joints? (4)

A

Shoulder, Elbow, Hip, Knee

53
Q

synovial elbow joint (type?)

A

a hinge joint composed

54
Q

What are the two parts of the elbow joints?

A

humeroradial and humeroulnar

55
Q

What are the three ligaments in the elbow?

A

Radial collateral, anular, ulnar collateral

56
Q

What joint is a ball-to-socket; multiaxial, most freely moving joint in the human body thus least stable

A

synovial shoulder (glenohumeral) joint

57
Q

What are the tendons of the rotator cuff? (4)

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

58
Q

What type and what axial movement does the synovial hip (coxal) joint have? Is it more or less stable than shoulder joint? Why?

A

ball-to-socket multiaxial, freely moving but more stable than shoulder due to weight bearing property

59
Q

What are the ligaments of the coxal (hip) joint?

A

Ligament head of femur, iliofemoral, pubofermoral

60
Q

a modified hinge joint, primarily uniaxial with some rotation

A

synovial knee joint

61
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee joint? (5)

A

Posterior cruciate (PCL), anterior cruciate, (ACL) medial/tibial collateral (M/T-CL), patellar (PL), fibular collateral (FCL)

62
Q

what is the patellofemoral joint part of

A

part of knee joint

63
Q

synovial movement axes (4)

A

nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, multi/triaxial

64
Q

nonaxial movement; example?

A

movement around 0 axes; intercarpal joint

65
Q

uniaxial movement; example?

A

movement around 1 axes; elbow

66
Q

biaxial movement; example?

A

movement around 2 axes; finger-to-palm joint

67
Q

multi/triaxial movement; example?

A

movement around >2 axes; shoulder joint

68
Q

What are the types of movement at synovial joints? (4)

A

gliding, angular, rotation, special

69
Q

Where is gliding synovial movement found?

A

carpal joints

Anatomy (6 decks)

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