Ch. 9: Single-Subject Designs Flashcards
Why has the study of just one person seemed unscientific in the past?
Numerous sources of bias in single case study research. It is difficult to exclude rival hypotheses
How does single-subject research achieve a longitudinal perspective?
by repeated measurements or observations of variables; repeated measures over time
Is the Liu and Baker study a uncontrolled case study, intensive single-subject quantitative design, or a single-subject experimental design?
intensive single-subject experimental design; ABA design
Is the Chapman et al. study a uncontrolled case study, intensive single-subject quantitative design, or a single-subject experimental design?
intensive single-subject quantitative design; AB design
What external validity challenges are associated with single-subject designs”? What can be done to meet the challenges?
External validity is an issue because of intensive designs. Replications with the same study is a possible solution - ie. Chapman et al.
What are the common features of a single-subject experimental design? Did Liu and Baker meet these features?
single-subject experimental designs involve systematic observations and the independent variable is manipulated. Liu and Baker meets these features; Chapman et al. does not, because the independent variable (supervision) is not manipulated in the study. It is just observed.
Using A = baseline and B = treatment, diagram the Liu and Baker and the Chapman et al. study phases.
Liu & Baker = ABA
Chapman et al. = AB
Why are baseline data important in single-subject designs?
the baseline acts as the control for single-subject designs
How were the data analyzed and reported in Liu and Baker and Chapman et al? Are there other possible ways to analyze single-subject design data?
Liu & Baker: changes observed graphically over time
Chapman et al.: same=changes observed graphically over time
Directional trends and changes can be noted visually and Statistical tests are available and able to discern changes not necessarily visible too.
Did the setting in the Liu and Baker Chapman et al. studies qualify as a practice/field or laboratory studies?
Liu & Baker setting: field studies
Chapman et al.: practice/field studies
Which of the advantages of single-subject designs were present in the Liu and Baker studies?
experimenter/researcher can monitor change over time; treatment plans can be tested and potentially used on clients in need in the future; by monitoring and manipulating, treatment is improved for future clients.
What limitations of single-subject designs were present in the Liu and Baker and Chapman et al. studies?
Liu & Baker: researcher spoke native language of participant - this may not always be true; only one person was studied in this experiment.
Chapman et al.: role conflict and corresponding researcher bias
