Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sociology - Test 3 > Ch. 9 -Race and Ethnicity > Flashcards

Ch. 9 -Race and Ethnicity Flashcards

1
Q

What is white supremacy?

A

The idea that Whites are naturally and/or culturally superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is racial battle fatigue?

A

The psychological, physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses to cumulative microaggressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are microaggressions?

A

Subtle, cumulative verbal and nonverbal slights and insults about one’s minority status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is race?

A

The perception of humanity that attributes nature, biology, and/or culture to categorize groups as superior or inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are social constructions?

A

Ideas that influence and govern social organizations that are human inventions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why did 17th century lawmakers in Virginia criminalize interracial interaction?

A

White indentured servants and black slaves gained class consciousness and banded together to perpetuate resistance and violence against their owners.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Jim Crow?

A

A social system targeting and subjugating African Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of inaccurate science being used to perpetuate racism?

A

Phrenology; looking at skeletal/skull structure to determine Whites as biologically superior and more evolved than non-Whites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What famous example of racism was codified in the US Constitution?

A

African Americans only count as 3/5ths of a person for taxation and representation purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Thomas Theorem?

A

The idea that if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the Thomas Theorem apply to race?

A

While race is not a biological reality, the shared belief in race forces people to reckon with its effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is stereotyping?

A

Unfounded behavioral expectations for a group of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is prejudice?

A

An adverse opinion that is formed without relevant knowledge or facts about a person or group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is discrimination?

A

The differential treatment of people based on superficial characteristics that impacts their ability to access resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is racism?

A

The manifestation of unequal treatment toward a racial group for its alleged inferiority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is individual discrimination?

A

When one person treats another unfairly based on their membership in a minority group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is institutional discrimination?

A

Governmental and economic practices that create opportunity and privilege for some while depriving them for others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a majority group?

A

The social group that holds and exercises the most resources and power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is legal discrimination?

A

Discrimination enforced by police, upheld by courts, and maintained by social etiquette

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is racial segregation?

A

The physical separation of individuals or groups from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is racial profiling?

A

Discriminatory law-enforcement tactic in which racial minorities are unfairly targeted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

A shared heritage defined by common cultural characteristics

23
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Shedding ethnic characteristics to adopt the host country’s cultural identity

24
Q

What is amalgamation?

A

Happens when various cultures combine to create a new culture

25
What is acculturation?
Incorporating facets of dominant culture while retaining facets of original ethnic culture
26
What is xenophobia?
Fear of the foreign
27
What is genocide?
Deliberate mass killings of an identifiable ethnic group
28
What US ethnic group has the highest rate of poverty?
Native Americans
29
What US ethnic group suffered forced emigration through kidnapping and bondage?
African Americans
30
What is the largest racial-ethnic group in the US?
Latinos
31
What US ethnic group has the lowest rate of health insurance?
Latinos
32
What US ethnic group has suffered extreme stereotyping after 9/11/2001?
Arab Americans
33
What US ethnic group is often stereotyped as "the model minority"?
Asian Americans
34
What is racial formation?
The creation and transformation of race categories over time
35
What is a racial-ethnic group?
A socially subordinate group that is culturally distinct
36
What is ethnocentrism?
The belief that one's culture is superior to others; one's own culture is the basis of judgement for all others
37
What would a structural functionalist think about racism?
Regardless of moral value, it provides both practical function and dysfunction to society
38
What are some examples of a societal function of racism?
- Discourage minorities from threatening status quo - Encourages majority to uphold status quo
39
What are some examples of a societal dysfunction of racism?
- Ignores extreme talent/genius of a minority member that could help society - May shut down policies that benefit everyone because they benefit minorities
40
What would a conflict theorist think about racism?
Racism is used by the White majority to keep power among the White and prevent non-Whites from accessing power
41
What would a symbolic interactionist think about racism?
Racism contains symbols and images that reproduce racial inequality
42
What are life chances?
Ability to experience opportunities and resources in a society
43
Why do modern Americans have the perception that racism is largely an issue of the past?
Modern racism is rarely overt; rather it is subtle and institutional
44
What is scapegoating?
Unmerited blame toward a group or group member
45
How does the Internet allow racism? (2)
- It makes people feel anonymous and free to say things they would not say publicly in real-life - People do not have to deal with the consequences of their words in real time
46
What is white privilege?
Unearned power and Euro-American racial advantages
47
What is the oppression Olympics?
A competition of "who's had it worse" between minority groups
48
Why may people engage in oppression Olympics? (3)
- Attention - Resource acquisition - Ideational supremacy
49
What is affirmative action?
A policy framework to redress historical injustices by increasing opportunities for historically underrepresented groups
50
What is a blood quantum?
The idea that anyone with any degree of African ancestry was black; upholds the idea of white "purity"
51
What is phenotype?
Refers to physical characteristics such as skin color, eye features, hair texture, and nose shape to define groups and group members
52
What is the most understood form of discrimination?
Individual discrimination
53
What is the least understood form of discrimination?
Institutional discrimination

Sociology - Test 3 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions