Ch. 9 - Motivation & Emotion Flashcards
What makes the psychology of motivation so challenging to study?
Motivation is an internal process, which can’t be directly observed by psychologists
Refers to all the processes involved in initiating, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities.
Motivation
Another term for the needs operating above the physiological and safety needs in Maslow’s hierarchy.
Psychological Needs
The desire to engage in an activity to achieve an external consequence, such as a reward.
Extrinsic Motivation
A social psychology theory that states how people decide whether to pursue a relationship by weighing the potential value of the relationship against their expectation of success in establishing the relationship.
Expectancy Theory
The desire to engage in an activity for its own sake rather than for some external consequence, such as a reward
Intrinsic Motivation
In McClelland’s theory, a mental state that produces a psychological motive to excel or to reach some goal.
Need for Achievement
What are McClelland’s main 3 needs associated with work?
Achievement
Affiliation
Power
Understanding and assessing worker motivation is the domain of __________ Psychologists
Industrial and Organizational
What does Triandis’s insight suggest about motivation for individual achievement cross-culturally?
His insight suggests that motivation for individual achievement is far from universal.
Western cultures, including most of the United States, Canada, Britain, and Western Europe, emphasize individualism. People growing up in these environments learn to place a premium on individual performance.
The cultures of Latin America, Asia, Africa, the Pacific Islands, and the Middle East often emphasize collectivism, which values group loyalty and subordination of self to the group
What did Lepper’s experiment with extrinsic motivation and children reveal?
It concluded that external reinforcement had squelched the internal motivation in the reward group, an effect they called “Overjustification”
The process by which extrinsic (external) rewards can sometimes displace internal motivation, as when a child receives money for playing video game
Overjustification
Specifically, the overjustification effect occurs when a reward is given without _____…
regard for quality of performance
In Csikszentmihalyi’s theory, an intense focus on an activity accompanied by increased creativity and near-ecstatic feelings. Involves intrinsic motivation.
Flow-state or Flow
