Ch. 9 Key Terms

Question 1

Demography

Answer 1

is the branch of ecology that studies the growth and regulation of animal and plant populations, resulting from the individual processes of birth, death, immigration and emigration in natural, managed or artificial environments.

Question 2

Age structure

Answer 2

the relative number of individuals of each age in a population.

Question 3

Survivorship

Answer 3

curves are used to compare the pattern of mortality between species.

Question 4

Fertility rate

Answer 4

the average number of children born to a woman in her reproductive age.

Question 5

Migration

Answer 5

the large-scale movement of members of a species to a different environment.

Question 6

Life expectancy

Answer 6

the average number of years that individuals in particular age groups are likely to continue to live.

Question 7

Demographic transition

Answer 7

transition from high to lower birth a death rates in a country or region as development occurs and that country moves from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.

Question 8

Infrastructure

Answer 8

infrastructure that provides cities and towns with water supply, waste disposal, and pollution control services.

Question 9

Arable land

Answer 9

is a form of agricultural land use, meaning land that can be used for growing crops.

Question 10

Urbanization

Answer 10

the process through which cities grow, and higher and higher percentages of the population comes to live in the city.

Question 11

Least developed countries

Answer 11

are low-income countries confronting severe structural impediments to sustainable development.