CH. 9 - Electrophysio

Question 1

waveform that reflects electrophysiologic function of CNS in response to sound

Answer 1

Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP)

Question 2

what does AEP stand for?

Answer 2

Auditory Evoked Potential

Question 3

placing electrodes on scalp and measuring changes in electric potential throughout brain is a process called ___

Answer 3

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 4

extracts a signal for background of noise

Answer 4

signal averaging

Question 5

four main applications for AEPs

Answer 5

BC PS

1. BABY - infant hearing screening
2. PREDICT - prediction of hearing sensitivity for anybody
3. CENTRAL AUD -diagnostics for CANS function
4. SURGERY - monitoring auditory nervous system during surgery

Question 6

the biggest advantage of using an AEP is

Answer 6

patient doesn’t need to have a behavioral response

Question 7

This type of test is an objective way of measuring PANS and CANS

Answer 7

AEP

Question 8

In an AEP, the equipment obtains a ___ that is measuring ___ activity in response to ___

Answer 8

waveform; activity; sound

Question 9

two things that attach to patient in AEP

Answer 9

electrodes and insert headphones

Question 10

Three types of electrodes in AEP

Answer 10

1) active noninverting (Cz) +
2) Reference inverting earlobe (A1/A2) -
3) Ground electrode on forehead (Fz) ⊥

Question 11

process in AEP that extracts signal from background of noise

Answer 11

signal averaging

Question 12

what are the five AEP tests?

Answer 12

Electrocochleography (ECoG)
Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)
Middle Latency Response (MLR)
Late Latency Response (LLR)
Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR)

Question 13

what does ECoG stand for?

Answer 13

Electrocochleography

Question 14

what does ABR stand for?

Answer 14

Auditory Brainstem Response

Question 15

what does MLR stand for?

Answer 15

Middle Latency Response

Question 16

what does LLR stand for?

Answer 16

Late Latency Response

Question 17

what does ASSR stand for?

Answer 17

Auditory Steady State Response

Question 18

what does ECoG measure?

Answer 18

electric activity of cochlea and VIIIth nerve

Question 19

which AEP has five peaks?

Answer 19

ABR

Question 20

the ABR detects electrical activity from the ___ __ to the __ __

Answer 20

8th nerve; lateral lemniscus

Question 21

ABRs for newborns, or ____, are usually run by ___ and are __

Answer 21

AABR; technicians; automated

Question 22

this AEP is difficult to record but useful in diagnosing APD

Answer 22

MLR

Question 23

this AEP is useful for patients who can’t participate in behavioral testing, separating auditory disorders and predicting hearing thresholds

Answer 23

ABR

Question 24

this AEP is useful for differentiating endolymphatic hydrops from other HL and identifying auditory neuropathy

Answer 24

ECoG

Question 25

these two AEPs are useful for intraoperative monitoring of the VIIIth nerve

Answer 25

ECoG; ABR

Question 26

these two AEPs are useful in detecting APD

Answer 26

MLR, LLR

Question 27

another name for LLR

Answer 27

P300

Question 28

in these two AEP tests, the patient must be awake

Answer 28

MLR, LLR

Question 29

in this AEP, best results happen when the patient is asleep

Answer 29

ASSR

Question 29

The disadvantage of an ASSR is that __

Answer 29

most of time patient has to be under sedation - risk and cost

Question 29

This AEP is excellent for predicting a pure-tone audiogram

Answer 29

ASSR

Question 30

This AEP is great for predicting thresholds for patients with high levels of HL

Answer 30

ASSR

Question 31

If a patient is an unreliable narrator, this test is great for measuring HL

Answer 31

ASSR

Question 32

T or F - newborn hearing screening will accurately identify all newborns who need an auditory eval or follow-up

Answer 32

F - some missed, some false positives

Question 33

what are two cases where a newborn would fail a hearing screening but actually be fine long-term?

Answer 33

-Middle ear disorder -Neuromaturational delay - brainstem hasn’t fully matured for some babies yet

Question 34

what test is prescribed for a newborn hearing screening?

Answer 34

ABR (AABR for newborns)

Question 35

what three AEPs are most useful for predicting hearing sensitivity?

Answer 35

ABR, ASSR, LLR (rare)

Question 36

what AEP is most useful for diagnostic applications?

Answer 36

ABR

Question 37

what AEP is most useful for surgical monitoring

Answer 37

ECoG

Question 38

in order to get best results, it's best to perform ___

Answer 38

multiple tests

Question 39

AEPs are colloquially known as

Answer 39

electrophys measures

Question 40

what does OAE stand for?

Answer 40

otoacoustic emissions

Question 41

when ___ hair cells are healthy, OAEs will be present. when they are damaged, it will not be present

Answer 41

outer

Question 42

what are otoacoustic emissions?

Answer 42

Low-intensity sounds generated by cochlea

Question 43

two types of OAEs

Answer 43

evoked and spontaneous

Question 44

two subtypes of evoked OAEs

Answer 44

-Transient - TEOAE -Distortion product - DPOAE

Question 45

TEOAEs are evoked using a ___, whereas DPOAEs are evoked using ___

Answer 45

click; two frequencies

Question 46

DPOAEs use ___ frequencies, called:

Answer 46

2; f1 and f2

Question 47

big thing that OAEs can miss

Answer 47

mild sensorineural

Question 48

OAEs can not catch these four

Answer 48

-mild sensorineural hearing loss -Auditory neuropathy -Low-freq hearing loss -Central auditory processing

Question 49

OAEs are screening tools, which means they CAN'T predict these three things

Answer 49

-Degree of HL -Type of HL -If there is hearing loss definitively

Question 50

if an OAE is present, middle ear is functioning ___

Answer 50

normally

Question 51

If OAE is present but there is HL, you can assume problem is ___

Answer 51

retrocochlear disorder