Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 74 Exam 3 > Ch 9 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment > Flashcards

Ch 9 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is sterilization?

A

remove all living cells and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is commercial sterilization?

A

Kills only harmful microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is aseptic?

A

No microbe contamination, only normal organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is disinfection?

A

Physical/Chemical agents to treat objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is antisepsis?

A

Antiseptics to clean skin/tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is degerming?

A

remove microbes form surface by scrubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is sanitization

A

Disinfect according to public standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is pasteruization?

A

Heat to kill pathogens & reduce spoilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define the suffix -statis/-static

A

Slow/inhibit growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define the suffix -cide/-cidal

A

Kills the microbe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens if you alter the cell wall/membrane?

A

Cells burst and content leaks out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens if you damage proteins & nucleic acids?

A

Denature proteins, destroy DNA/RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a high level germicide kill?

A

All pathogens & endospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a intermediate level germicide kill?

A

All pathogens but endospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a low level germicide kill?

A

vegetative bacteria, fungi, protozoa, some virus (no cyst & spore)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What germicide would you use in a BSL 1 lab?

A

Low level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What germicide would you use in a BSL 2 lab

A

Intermediate level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What germicide would you use in a BSL 3 or 4 level?

A

High level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What characteristic defines the relative susceptibility of prions, endospores, and mycobacteria?

A

Prions: misfolded proteins
Endospores: thick protective coat
Mycobacteria: mycolic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What characteristic defines the relative susceptibility of cysts and active protozoa?

A

Cysts: have shell.
Active protozoa: no shell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What characteristic defines the relative susceptibility of small non enveloped viruses, large non enveloped viruses, and enveloped viruses?

A

Small: less surface area.
Large: more surface area
Enveloped: phospholipid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What characteristic defines the relative susceptibility of fungal spores and vegetative fungi?

A

Fungal spores: protein shells
Vegetative fungi: No shell

19
Q

What characteristic defines the relative susceptibility of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria?

A

Gram-Pos: No protein pumps
Gram-Neg: Has protein pumps

20
Q

What is a phenol coefficient?

A

Eval efficacy of disinfectants & antiseptics (<1 = effective)

21
Q

What is the Use-Dilution test?

A

How much to dilute and still be effective

22
Q

What is the Kelsey-Sykes Capacity test?

A

How long does it take to destroy or if it destroys?

23
Q

What is the in-use test?

A

Eval. effectiveness on surface of object

24
Q

How does heat control microbial growth?

A

denature protein, disrupt cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, and nucleic acid

25
Q

What is thermal death point?

A

Lowest temp to destroy all cells

26
Q

What is thermal death time?

A

Time to destroy all cells

27
Q

What is decimal reduction?

A

Time to destroy 90% of cells

28
Q

What is moist heat?

A

Using boiling H20 to kill cells

29
Q

What is more effective, dry or moist heat? Why?

A

Moist, H20 is a better heat conductor

30
Q

T/F H20 boils at a lower temp at higher elevation

A

True

31
Q

T/F Boiling temp. increases as pressure increases

A

True

32
Q

What is pasteurization ?

A

Used in food, not sterilization

33
Q

Why would dry heat be used if it isn’t effective?

A

things that can’t be sterilized w/ moist heat

34
Q

How does refrigeration/freezing control microbial growth?

A

Cold slows metabolism, growth, and reproduction.

35
Q

How does desiccation inhibit microbial growth?

A

Drys out moisture

36
Q

How does lyophilization inhibit microbial growth?

A

freeze dry to preserve culture

37
Q

How does filtering inhibit microbial growth?

A

Sieve catches microbe

38
Q

How does osmotic pressure control microbial growth?

A

Hypertonic environments inhibit growth

39
Q

How does radiation control microbial growth?

A

Ionizing radiation: ions denature mol.
Non ionizing: change shape of proteins and nucleic acid

40
Q

How do phenol and phenolics impact microbial growth?

A

-Mid- low lvl.
-Denatures proteins/cell membrane
-good in organic matter

41
Q

How does alcohol impact microbial growth?

A

-Mid lvl.
-Denature protein/cytoplas. mem

42
Q

How do halogens impact microbial growth?

A

-Mid lvl.
-Denature enzymes

43
Q

How do oxidizing agents impact microbial growth?

A

-High lvl
-Oxidize microbial enzymes

44
Q

How do surfactants impact microbial growth?

A

-Degerming, not antimicrobial
-Quats disrupt cell membrane

45
Q

How do heavy metals impact microbial growth?

A

-low lvl
-ions denature proteins

46
Q

How do aldehydes impact microbial growth?

A

-Cross-link structures not normally connected
-Denature protein/inactive nucleic acid

47
Q

How do gaseous agents impact microbial growth?

A

-Cross-link structures not normally connected
-Denature protein/inactive nucleic acid

48
Q

How do enzymes impact microbial growth?

A

-act against microorganisms

49
Q

How do antimicrobials impact microbial growth?

A

-Treatment of disease

Bio 74 Exam 3 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions