Ch 9: Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Development in Adolescence Flashcards
How did teenagerhood evolve?
When high school became universal and brought teens together
What is storm and stress?
G. Stanley Hall’s phrase for the intense moodiness, emotional sensitivity, and risk taking tendencies that characterize the life stage he labeled adolescence
How do teenager separate from their parents and relate in groups?
Their passion to bond with peers is vital to leaving their parents and forming new attachments as adults
What is Piaget’s perspective on adolescence?
Children ages 12 and up are in the formal operations stage where they can reason, be hypothetical, scientific, flexible, fully adult. They have reached full cognitive human potential.
What is Kohlberg’s perspective on adolescence?
During adolescence, we can develop a moral code that guides our lives
What is Elkind’s perspective on adolescence?
In the formal operations stage, children can see below the surface of adult rules, which leads to anger, anxiety, impulse to rebel, children see other people’s flaws and then think about their own flaws which leads to adolescent egocentrism, imaginary audience, personal fable
How do adolescent brains develop?
Frontal lobe gray matter peaks right before puberty and gradually declines due to pruning- the cortex gets thinner, while white matter (the myelin sheath) continues growing into the 20s
Why do teenagers take risks?
Influence of their peers, heightened social sensitivity
Which teens are at risk for getting into serious trouble?
Males during puberty testosterone increases, heavy athletic involvement, college, prior emotional regulation problems, rejection from mainstream kids, executive functions, living in a harsh unpredictable environment
Which teens flourish?
Teens who’s talents are nurtured by adults, neighborhood institutions support strengths, mentors who Foster racial pride
How can society and high schools better fit the teenage mind?
Don’t punish as if they were mentally just like adults, create community programs that capitalize on teenagers’ strengths, nurturing high schools, give autonomy, respect abilities, service learning classes, change schedule to support sleep, rethink zero tolerance policies
What is the formal operational stage?
Piaget’s 4th and final stage of cognitive development, reached around age 12 and characterized by teenager’s ability to reason at an abstract, scientific level
What are Kohlberg’s 3 levels of moral reasoning?
Precoventional, conventional, and post conventional thought
What is the Heinz dilemma?
Famous problem on Kohlberg’s moral judgement test where a woman is dying of cancer and one drug can save her, the druggest was charging ten times what it cost to make, husband cannot pay so breaks into the store to steal the drug
What is precoventional thought?
Lowest level of moral reasoning, considering personal punishments or rewards for actions
What is conventional thought?
Intermediate level of moral reasoning, need to uphold social norms
What is post conventional thought?
Highest level of moral reasoning, applying own moral guidelines apartment from society’s rules
What is adolescent egocentrism?
tendency of young teenagers to feel that their actions are at the center of everyone else’s consciousness
What is the imaginary audience?
Teenagers feel that everyone is watching their every action, a component of adolescent egocentrism
What is the personal fable?
Teenager’s tendency to believe that their lives are special and heroic, a component of adolescent egocentrism
What is the experience sampling method?
Research procedure designed to capture moment to moment experiences by having people take notes describing their activities and emotions when a signal sounds
What is nonsuicidal self injury?
act of self mutilation, such as cutting or burning one’s body to cope with stress
What is adolescence limited turmoil?
Antisocial behavior that for most teens is specific to adolescence and does not continue into adult life
What are life course difficulties?
Antisocial behavior that for a fraction of adolescents, continues into adult life
What are youth development programs?
After school program or structured activity outside of the school day that is devoted to promoting teenagers to flourish
What is the school to prison pipeline?
School expulsion may provoke criminal behavior and incarceration for at risk teens
What supports Black teens in racist school environments?
Having a strong racial identity, having a school that embraces their identity such as a mission statement that mentions diversity, teaching the contributions of every race, lets teens dress and do their hair how they want, no zero tolerance policies, challenging and fulfilling courses, teacher believe every child can succeed
What are criticisms of Kohlberg’s stage theory?
Some of the most prosocial people don’t score highly on Kohlberg’s scale, young child understand basic moral standards, what people say on abstract tests may not predict their real world morality
Who’s research supports the idea of “storm and stress?”
G. Stanley Hall
