Ch 9: Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Development in Adolescence

Question 1

How did teenagerhood evolve?

Answer 1

When high school became universal and brought teens together

Question 2

What is storm and stress?

Answer 2

G. Stanley Hall’s phrase for the intense moodiness, emotional sensitivity, and risk taking tendencies that characterize the life stage he labeled adolescence

Question 3

How do teenager separate from their parents and relate in groups?

Answer 3

Their passion to bond with peers is vital to leaving their parents and forming new attachments as adults

Question 4

What is Piaget’s perspective on adolescence?

Answer 4

Children ages 12 and up are in the formal operations stage where they can reason, be hypothetical, scientific, flexible, fully adult. They have reached full cognitive human potential.

Question 5

What is Kohlberg’s perspective on adolescence?

Answer 5

During adolescence, we can develop a moral code that guides our lives

Question 6

What is Elkind’s perspective on adolescence?

Answer 6

In the formal operations stage, children can see below the surface of adult rules, which leads to anger, anxiety, impulse to rebel, children see other people’s flaws and then think about their own flaws which leads to adolescent egocentrism, imaginary audience, personal fable

Question 7

How do adolescent brains develop?

Answer 7

Frontal lobe gray matter peaks right before puberty and gradually declines due to pruning- the cortex gets thinner, while white matter (the myelin sheath) continues growing into the 20s

Question 8

Why do teenagers take risks?

Answer 8

Influence of their peers, heightened social sensitivity

Question 9

Which teens are at risk for getting into serious trouble?

Answer 9

Males during puberty testosterone increases, heavy athletic involvement, college, prior emotional regulation problems, rejection from mainstream kids, executive functions, living in a harsh unpredictable environment

Question 10

Which teens flourish?

Answer 10

Teens who’s talents are nurtured by adults, neighborhood institutions support strengths, mentors who Foster racial pride

Question 11

How can society and high schools better fit the teenage mind?

Answer 11

Don’t punish as if they were mentally just like adults, create community programs that capitalize on teenagers’ strengths, nurturing high schools, give autonomy, respect abilities, service learning classes, change schedule to support sleep, rethink zero tolerance policies

Question 12

What is the formal operational stage?

Answer 12

Piaget’s 4th and final stage of cognitive development, reached around age 12 and characterized by teenager’s ability to reason at an abstract, scientific level

Question 12

What are Kohlberg’s 3 levels of moral reasoning?

Answer 12

Precoventional, conventional, and post conventional thought

Question 13

What is the Heinz dilemma?

Answer 13

Famous problem on Kohlberg’s moral judgement test where a woman is dying of cancer and one drug can save her, the druggest was charging ten times what it cost to make, husband cannot pay so breaks into the store to steal the drug

Question 13

What is precoventional thought?

Answer 13

Lowest level of moral reasoning, considering personal punishments or rewards for actions

Question 14

What is conventional thought?

Answer 14

Intermediate level of moral reasoning, need to uphold social norms

Question 15

What is post conventional thought?

Answer 15

Highest level of moral reasoning, applying own moral guidelines apartment from society’s rules

Question 16

What is adolescent egocentrism?

Answer 16

tendency of young teenagers to feel that their actions are at the center of everyone else’s consciousness

Question 17

What is the imaginary audience?

Answer 17

Teenagers feel that everyone is watching their every action, a component of adolescent egocentrism

Question 18

What is the personal fable?

Answer 18

Teenager’s tendency to believe that their lives are special and heroic, a component of adolescent egocentrism

Question 19

What is the experience sampling method?

Answer 19

Research procedure designed to capture moment to moment experiences by having people take notes describing their activities and emotions when a signal sounds

Question 20

What is nonsuicidal self injury?

Answer 20

act of self mutilation, such as cutting or burning one’s body to cope with stress

Question 21

What is adolescence limited turmoil?

Answer 21

Antisocial behavior that for most teens is specific to adolescence and does not continue into adult life

Question 22

What are life course difficulties?

Answer 22

Antisocial behavior that for a fraction of adolescents, continues into adult life

Question 23

What are youth development programs?

Answer 23

After school program or structured activity outside of the school day that is devoted to promoting teenagers to flourish

Question 24

What is the school to prison pipeline?

Answer 24

School expulsion may provoke criminal behavior and incarceration for at risk teens

Question 25

What supports Black teens in racist school environments?

Answer 25

Having a strong racial identity, having a school that embraces their identity such as a mission statement that mentions diversity, teaching the contributions of every race, lets teens dress and do their hair how they want, no zero tolerance policies, challenging and fulfilling courses, teacher believe every child can succeed

Question 26

What are criticisms of Kohlberg’s stage theory?

Answer 26

Some of the most prosocial people don’t score highly on Kohlberg’s scale, young child understand basic moral standards, what people say on abstract tests may not predict their real world morality

Question 27

Who’s research supports the idea of “storm and stress?”

Answer 27

G. Stanley Hall