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nstp > ch 9: basic life support > Flashcards

ch 9: basic life support Flashcards

1
Q

cpr meaning?

A

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

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2
Q

A series of assessments and interventions using techniques and maneuvers made to bring victims of cardiac and respiratory arrest back to life.

A

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

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3
Q

WHEN TO START C.P.R.

(enumerate)

A
  1. UNCONSCIOUS / UNRESPONSIVE
  2. NOT BREATHING OR HAS NO NORMAL BREATHING (ONLY GASPING)
  3. NO DEFINITE PULSE

NOTE: RESPONDERS NEED TO GENERALLY ASSUME THAT ALL VICTIMS HAVE INFECTIOUS DISEASES SO THAT SAFETY PROTOCOLS MUST BE COMPLETELY OBSERVED AT ALL TIMES.

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4
Q

ALL VICTIMS OF CARDIAC ARREST SHOULD RECEIVE CPR UNLESS:

(enumerate)

A
  1. PATIENT HAS A VALID DNAR (DO NOT ATTEMPT RESUSCITATION) ORDER.
  2. PATIENT HAS SIGNS OF IRREVERSIBLE DEATH (RIGOR MORT IS, DECAPITATION, DEPENDENT LIVIDITY).
  3. NO PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFIT CAN BE EXPECTED BECAUSE THE VITAL FUNCTIONS HAVE DETERIORATED AS IN SEPTIC OR CARDIOGENIC SHOCK.
  4. CONFIRMED GESTATION OF < 23 WEEKS OR BIRTH WEIGHT < 400 GRAMS, ANENCEPHALY.
  5. ATTEMPTS TO PERFORM CPR WOULD PLACE THE RESCUER AT RISK OF PHYSICAL INJURY.
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5
Q

WHEN TO STOP C.P.R.

(enumerate)

A

S — SPONTANEOUS SIGNS OF CIRCULATION ARE RESTORED.
T — TURNED OVER TO MEDICAL SERVICES OR PROPERLY TRAINED AND AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL.
O — OPERATOR IS ALREADY EXHAUSTED AND CANNOT CONTINUE CPR.
P — PHYSICIAN ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY (DECLARES DEATH, TAKES OVER, ETC).
S — SCENE BECOMES UNSAFE (SUCH AS TRAFFIC, IMPENDING OR ONGOING VIOLENCE – GUN FIRES, ETC.).
S — SIGNED WAIVER TO STOP CPR.

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6
Q

C.P.R. SEQUENCE: THE CAB

A

COMPRESSION – AIRWAY – BREATHING

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7
Q

CORE CONCEPT: OXYGEN TO THE BRAIN

A

C.P.R. SEQUENCE: THE CAB

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8
Q

CREATE BLOOD FLOW BY INCREASING INTRA-THORACIC
PRESSURE AND DIRECTLY COMPRESS THE HEART; GENERATE BLOOD FLOW AND OXYGEN DELIVERY TO THE MYOCARDIUM AND BRAIN.

A

COMPRESSIONS

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9
Q

REPRESENTS A HEART THAT IS ACTIVELY PUMPING BLOOD, MOST OFTEN RECOGNIZED BY THE PRESENCE OF A PULSE IN THE NECK (AND OTHER PERIPHERAL PULSES)

A

CIRCULATION

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10
Q

ASSUME THERE IS NO CIRCULATION IF THE FOLLOWING EXISTS:

(enumerate)

A

UNRESPONSIVE,
NOT BREATHING,
NOT MOVING AND
POOR SKIN COLOR (CYANOTIC).

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11
Q

POOR SKIN COLOR OR?

A

(CYANOTIC).

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12
Q

SIGN OF LIFE?

A

RETURN OF SPONTANEOUS CIRCULATION (ROSC).

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13
Q

COMPRESSION RATE?

A

100-120 per minute

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14
Q

COMPRESSION DEPTH?

ADULTS & ADOLESCENTS

A

At least 2 inches (5cm) but should not exceed 2.4 inches (6cm)

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15
Q

COMPRESSION DEPTH?

CHILDREN (age 1 year to puberty)

A
  • At least 1/3 Antero-Posterior (AP) diameter of the chest
  • About 2 inches (5cm)
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16
Q

COMPRESSION DEPTH?

INFANTS (age less than 1 year, excluding newborns)

A
  • At least 1/3 Antero-Posterior (AP) diameter of the chest
  • About 1.5 inches (4cm)
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17
Q

ADULT CPR

A
  1. KNEEL FACING THE VICTIM’S CHEST.
  2. PLACE THE HEEL OF ONE HAND ON THE CENTER OF THE CHEST.
  3. PLACE THE HEEL OF THE SECOND HAND ON TOP OF THE FIRST SO THAT THE HANDS ARE OVERLAPPED AND PARALLEL.
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18
Q

CHILD CPR

A
  1. JUST BELOW THE NIPPLE LINE, LOWER HALF OF STERNUM
  2. ONE HAND ONLY / TWO HANDS FOR BIG CHILDREN.
  3. 30:2 FOR SINGLE RESCUER, 15:2 FOR 2-MAN RESCUER (OPTIONAL FOR HCP).
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19
Q

INFANT CPR

A
  1. JUST BELOW THE NIPPLE LINE, LOWER HALF OF THE STERNUM.
  2. TWO FINGERS, FLEXING AT THE WRIST (LONE RESCUER).
  3. 2 THUMB-ENCIRCLING HANDS TECHNIQUE (TWO RESCUERS).
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20
Q

THIS MUST BE DONE TO ENSURE AN OPEN PASSAGE FOR SPONTANEOUS BREATHING OR MOUTH TO MOUTH DURING CPR

A

CAB: OPEN AIRWAY

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21
Q

TILT THE HEAD BACK WITH YOUR ONE HAND AND LIFT UP THE CHIN WITH YOUR OTHER HAND

A

HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT MANEUVER

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22
Q

A TECHNIQUE THAT CAN BE DONE BY AT LEAST TWO HIGHLY TRAINED BLS PROVIDERS (IF SUSPECTED WITH CERVICAL TRAUMA).

A

JAW THRUST MANEUVER

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23
Q

COVER THE?

A

VICTIM’S MOUTH AND NOSE WITH CLOTH OR MASK BEFORE PERFORMING CHEST COMPRESSION.

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24
Q

CAB: BREATHING

(enumerate)

A
  1. MAINTAIN OPEN AIRWAY.
  2. PINCH NOSE SHUT (IF MOUTH TO MOUTH RESCUE BREATHING (RB) IS PREFERRED).
  3. OPEN YOUR MOUTH WIDE, TAKE A NORMAL BREATH, AND MAKE A TIGHT SEAL AROUND OUTSIDE OF VICTIM’S MOUTH.
  4. GIVE 2 FULL BREATHS (1 SEC EACH BREATH).
  5. OBSERVE CHEST RISE.
  6. 30:2 (COMPRESSION TO VENTILATION RATIO).
  7. 5 CYCLES OR 2 MINUTES.
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25
Q

HIGH QUALITY C.P.R.

(summary)

A
  1. CORRECT COMPRESSION SITE.
  2. ADEQUATE COMPRESSION RATE (100-120/MINUTE).
  3. ADEQUATE COMPRESSION DEPTH
    * ADULT: AT LEAST 2 INCHES (5CM) BUT SHOULD NOT EXCEED 2.4 INCHES (6CM)
    * CHILDREN: ABOUT 2 INCHES (5CM)
    * INFANTS: ABOUT 1.5 INCHES (4CM)
  4. CHEST RECOIL COMPLETED AFTER EACH COMPRESSION.
  5. MINIMIZE INTERRUPTIONS TO LESS THAN 10 SECONDS IN BETWEEN CHEST COMPRESSIONS.
  6. AVOIDANCE OF EXCESSIVE VENTILATION.
26
Q

random

A
  • HCP ADULT CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM (IHCA)
  • BLS HEALTHCARE PROVIDER ADULT CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM (OHCA)
  • BLS LAY RESCUER ADULT CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM
27
Q

Location for Pulse Check (HCP only)

A

Adult: Carotid Pulse
Children: Carotid Pulse or Femoral Pulse
Infant: Brachial Pulse or Femoral Pulse

28
Q

PRIMARY C.P.R. PROCEDURE

A
  • CONTINUE CPR UNTIL:
  • AED ARRIVES AND STARTS TO ANALYZE
  • EMS PROVIDERS TAKE OVER THE CARE OF THE VICTIM
  • REASSESS VICTIM EVERY AFTER 2 MINS.
  • RESCUERS MAY SWITCH ROLES (FOR TWO-MAN RESCUER)
  • IF PATIENT BECOMES CONSCIOUS, PLACE PATIENT IN
    RECOVERY POSITION
29
Q

C.P.R. WITH ADVANCE AIRWAY (HCP ONLY)

A
  • CYCLES OF 30 COMPRESSIONS : 2 VENTILATIONS SHOULD BE CONTINUED UNTIL AN ADVANCED AIRWAY IS PLACED
  • IF AN ADVANCED AIRWAY IS ALREADY IN PLACE:
  • CONTINUOUS CHEST COMPRESSIONS AT A RATE OF 100-120 PER MINUTE, WITHOUT PAUSES FOR VENTILATION.
  • VENTILATION RATE OF 1 BREATH EVERY 6 SEC. (10
    BREATHS PER MINUTE)
30
Q

AED meaning

A

AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR

31
Q

ARE SOPHISTICATED, COMPUTERIZED DEVICES THAT CAN ANALYZE A HEART RHYTHM AND PROMPTS THE USER TO DELIVER A SHOCK WHEN NECESSARY

A

AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR

32
Q

THESE DEVICES ONLY REQUIRE THE USER TO TURN IT ON AND FOLLOW THE AUDIO INSTRUCTIONS WHEN PROMPTED.

A

AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR

33
Q

PARTS OF AN AED

A
  1. PADS
  2. PADS CONNECTOR PORT
  3. DEFIBRILLATOR
  4. POWER BUTTON
  5. SHOCK BUTTON
34
Q

AED IS USED TO:

(enumerate)

A
  1. APPLY CONTROLLED ELECTRICAL SHOCK
  2. RESTORE AN ORGANIZED RHYTHM
  3. ENABLE THE HEART TO CONTRACT AND PUMP BLOOD
35
Q

A PROCESS IN WHICH AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE (SUCH AS AED), GIVES AN ELECTRICAL SHOCK TO THE HEART.

A

DEFIBRILLATION

36
Q

STOPS VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (VF) BY USING AN ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND ALLOWS THE RETURN OF A NORMAL HEART RHYTHM.

A

DEFIBRILLATION

37
Q

For every minute defibrillation is delayed the victim’s survival rate?

A

decreases by 10%

38
Q

EARLY DEFIBRILLATION IS CRITICAL FOR VICTIMS OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST BECAUSE:

A
  • THE MOST FREQUENT RHYTHM IN SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST IS VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (VF).
  • THE MOST EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR VF IS DEFIBRILLATION
  • ALSO INDICATED FOR PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
  • DEFIBRILLATION IS MOST LIKELY TO BE SUCCESSFUL IF IT OCCURS WITHIN
    MINUTES OF COLLAPSE (SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST)
  • DEFIBRILLATION MAY BE INEFFECTIVE IF IT IS DELAYED
  • VF DETERIORATES TO ASYSTOLE IF NOT TREATED
39
Q

THE MOST FREQUENT RHYTHM IN SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST

A

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (VF).

40
Q

THE MOST EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR VF IS

A

DEFIBRILLATION

41
Q

DEFIBRILLATION ALSO INDICATED FOR?

A

PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

42
Q

SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS:

A
  1. VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (VF)
  2. PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
  3. TORSADE DE POINTES
43
Q

A SPECIFIC TYPE OF VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, OR FAST HEART RHYTHM THAT BEGINS IN YOUR HEART VENTRICLES.

A

TORSADE DE POINTES

44
Q

NON-SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS:

A
  1. ASYSTOLE
  2. PULSELESS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY (PEA)
45
Q

COMMON AND TREATABLE INITIAL RHYTHM IN ADULTS WITH WITNESSED CARDIAC ARREST.

A

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

46
Q

SURVIVAL RATES ARE HIGHEST WHEN IMMEDIATE BYSTANDER CPR IS PROVIDED AND DEFIBRILLATION OCCURS WITHIN 3 TO 5 MINUTES OF COLLAPSE.

A

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

47
Q

RAPID DEFIBRILLATION IS THE TREATMENT OF CHOICE.

A

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

48
Q

RHYTHM CAUSING ‘ALL’ SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST.

A

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

49
Q

USELESS QUIVERING OF THE HEART →

A

NO BLOOD FLOW.

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

50
Q

MYOCARDIUM IS DEPLETED OF OXYGEN & METABOLIC SUBSTRATES.

A

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

51
Q

THE PATIENT WILL BE PULSELESS.

A

PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

52
Q

RHYTHM - VERY WIDE QRS COMPLEX IN ECG TRACINGS AND ORIGINATES IN THE VENTRICLES.

A

PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

53
Q

RATE - GREATER THAN 180 BEATS PER MINUTE.

A

PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

54
Q

PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

A
  • RATE - GREATER THAN 180 BEATS PER MINUTE.
  • RHYTHM - VERY WIDE QRS COMPLEX IN ECG TRACINGS AND ORIGINATES IN THE VENTRICLES.
  • THE PATIENT WILL BE PULSELESS.
55
Q

CAUSES OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST

A
  1. HYPOXIA
    - NEAR DROWNING
    - BURST LUNG
    - DECOMPRESSION ILLNESS
    - REBREATHER MALFUNCTION
    - CHOKING
    - CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
  2. BLEEDING
  3. HEART ATTACK
  4. DRUG OVERDOSE
56
Q

SEVERAL FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT AED ANALYSIS:

A
  • PATIENT MOVEMENT.
  • REPOSITIONING THE PATIENT.
57
Q

USE AED ONLY WHEN VICTIMS HAVE THE FOLLOWING 3 CLINICAL FINDINGS:

A
  1. NO RESPONSE
  2. NO BREATHING
  3. NO PULSE
58
Q

SPECIAL CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT THE USE OF AED

A
  1. THE VICTIM IS LESS THAN 1 YEAR OLD.
  2. THE VICTIM HAS A HAIRY CHEST.
  3. THE VICTIM IS LYING IN WATER, IMMERSED IN WATER, OR WATER IS COVERING THE VICTIM’S CHEST.
  4. THE VICTIM HAS IMPLANTED DEFIBRILLATOR, OR PACEMAKER.
  5. THE VICTIM HAS A TRANSDERMAL MEDICATION PATCH OR OTHER OBJECT ON THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN WHERE THE AED ELECTRODE PADS ARE PLACED.
59
Q

The 4 critical steps of aed operation (PAAS)

A

P — Power on the aed
A — Attach the elctrodes pads to the victim’s chest
A — (clear the victim and) Analyze the heart rhythm
S — (clear the victim and deliver a) Shock (if indicated)

60
Q
A

IF THE AED PROMPT INITIALLY TELLS “NO SHOCK
ADVISED”:
CONTINUE CPR FOR 2 MINUTES
FOLLOW VOICE PROMPT
IF THE AED PROMPT TELLS “NO SHOCK ADVISED”
FOR THE SECOND TIME:
CHECK FOR PULSE (HCP)
CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS (LAY RESCUER)

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