Ch 9 Access Into Structures Flashcards
Scientifically controlled fire tests conducted by the NFPA® indicate that the time available for escape (TAE) from a burning building can be as little as ?
Scientifically controlled fire tests conducted by the NFPA® indicate that the time available for escape (TAE) from a burning building can be as little as 11 minutes after ignition due to heat buildup in a confined space such as a bedroom.
When a fire is burning inside a building, the IC has two basic choices?
When a fire is burning inside a building, the IC has two basic choices: (1) allow the building to burn and use the on-scene resources to protect any exposures, or as is most often the case, (2) order a search of the building and an aggressive interior attack on the fire.
If the building is showing signs of potential backdraft, entry should be delayed until?
If the building is showing signs of potential backdraft, entry should be delayed until the backdraft factors are mitigated.
There are several reasons why firefighters might need to gain access into a burning building. Of course, the most important reason is ?
There are several reasons why firefighters might need to gain access into a burning building. Of course, the most important reason is for search and rescue.
when cutting metal, these saws produce a tremendous amount of sparks that can ignite adjacent combustibles Therefore?
, when cutting metal, these saws produce a tremendous amount of sparks that can ignite adjacent combustibles. Therefore, rotary saws should not be used to cut metal where there are flammable fuels in close proximity.
One of the most important ways of ensuring the saw’s safety and effectiveness is by ?
One of the most important ways of ensuring the saw’s safety and effectiveness is by making sure that the saw blades are serviceable.
5 Point Door Size up
- Type of door (Style/material)
- Type of frame around the door (Wood/metal)
- Type of wall into which it is set (Wood/metal/masonry)
- Type of hinges/locks (Exposed/recessed/protected)
- Door movement (Swinging [inward/outward]/roll-up/sliding)
Before forcing any exterior door in a burning building, firefighters must?
Before forcing any exterior door in a burning building, firefighters must read the fire behavior indicators so they can anticipate how opening the door may change the fire behavior.
Tempered Glass —
Tempered Glass — Type of glass specially treated to become harder and more break-resistant than plate glass or a single sheet of laminated glass
In smaller buildings and occupancies that have relatively low occupant loads, the exterior doors open ?
In smaller buildings and occupancies that have relatively low occupant loads, the exterior doors open inward so the hinges are on the inside
In occupancies with higher occupant loads, the exterior doors must swing ?
In occupancies with higher occupant loads, the exterior doors must swing outward in the direction of exit travel.
In most cases, the hinges on outward-swinging doors are on the outside. However, the exterior doors in some commercial buildings are double-acting doors; that is, ?
In most cases, the hinges on outward-swinging doors are on the outside. However, the exterior doors in some commercial buildings are double-acting doors; that is, they swing both inward and outward on pivot pins top and bottom
What is one of the best tools to use for forcing an inward-swinging metal door set in a metal frame?
A rotary saw equipped with a metal-cutting blade is one of the best tools to use for forcing an inward-swinging metal door set in a metal frame
before opening a door into a burning building, firefighters must consider ?
before opening a door into a burning building, firefighters must consider the effects that
opening the door may have on the behavior of the fire.
What are some reasons to soften a building?
Forcing doors into burning structures is not always for the purpose of entering the building. Firefighters and others may be trapped inside and need an emergency escape route. It is SOP in some departments to force open all doors into a structure (sometimes called softening the building) when there is significant fire inside. However, softening a building is done only if it is consistent with the IAP and if it will not change the ventilation profile.
How are telescoping doors are operated ?
telescoping doors are operated by chain-hoist mechanisms at one side of the doorway opening. These mechanisms can be operated manually or electrically, but unlike roll-up and sheet-curtain doors, telescoping doors are raised and lowered with internal cables and there are no springs or counterweights in the lifting mechanisms.
One of the most common methods of cutting through a roll-up or sheet- curtain door is to make a large triangular cut (sometimes called a tepee cut), name an advantage and disadvantage?
The openings are usually only large enough to provide an escape route for firefighters trapped inside or to enable firefighters to use the door-opening mechanism to open the door fully for interior access
How to make a The triangular cut?
The triangular cut is most often made with a rotary saw equipped with a metal- cutting blade. In this type of cut, the base of the triangle is the bottom of the door, and the sides are formed by two 45-degree cuts. The apex of the triangle should be at least 6 feet (2 m) high in the middle of the door, but the higher the better.
Triangular cuts are not recommended for ?
Triangular cuts are not recommended for telescoping doors.
Why must Firefighters should not stand below older roll-up doors?
Firefighters should not stand below older roll-up doors that are automatically retracting by the spring-operated mechanism because these doors may break loose from the wall and come crashing down.
If firefighters know that a door has several deadbolts installed, they will also know to cut the door?
If firefighters know that a door has several deadbolts installed, they will also know to cut the door from top to bottom about one foot (300 mm) from the edge on the door handle side
Window size up
• Type of window • Type of glass • Type of frame or casement • Type of locking or latching mechanism • Type of security devices in use
Types of Windows
- Double-hung (Checkrail) windows
- Hinged (Casement) windows
- Projected (Factory) windows
- Awning and Jalousie windows
• Hurricane windows - High-security windows
If using an axe to break the window, the firefighter should?
If using an axe to break the window, the firefighter should strike the window with the flat side of the blade
Using the tip of a ground ladder to break a second-story window is?
dangerous and not recommended
many newer windows are glazed with or constructed entirely of extremely resilient plastics that are very difficult to break. In these situations?
many newer windows are glazed with or constructed entirely of extremely resilient plastics that are very difficult to break. In these situations, removing the entire frame with the window intact may be quicker and more efficient for entry purposes.
Lexan glass
One half the weight of glass, yet is 30 times stronger than safety glass and 250 times stronger than ordinary glass
Thermoplastic windows. Plexiglas® acrylic, Lexan® polycarbonate, and other thermoplastic windows may have to be opened to gain access into a burning building, how?
A rotary saw with a medium (40 tooth) carbide-tipped blade is most effective when entry must be made through all types of plastic windows
What is the only fire service tool that will cut Lexan®?
a rotary saw is the only fire service tool that will cut Lexan®
In order to shatter a Plexiglas® window, it is often necessary
In order to shatter a Plexiglas® window, it is often to score a large X with a pick head axe.
The Plexiglas® pane can often be broken with w
often with what? After it is scored with a large X with a pick head axe
The Plexiglas® pane can often be broke a sledgehammer.
Film-coated glass.
re- duce glare from the sun
Types of exterior walls
Wood-frame • Masonry • Concrete • Metal
the utilities to the building should be shut off before any cuts into exterior walls are made due to?
Hollow exterior walls often contain electrical wiring and/or piping for natural gas or LPG. Therefore, the utilities to the building should be shut off before any cuts into exterior walls are made.
Course of bricks?
Course — Horizontal layer of individual masonry units.
Header Course of bricks
Header Course — Course of bricks with the ends of the bricks facing outward.
tool of choice is often the rotary saw because it is almost always readily available and it is very effective. However, because of the amount of sparks produced by these saws when cut- ting metal, they should only be used?
tool of choice is often the rotary saw because it is almost always readily available and it is very effective. However, because of the amount of sparks produced by these saws when cutting metal, they should only be used where flammable materials are a safe distance away or a charged hoseline is close at hand
