Ch. 9

Question 1

Currents at the entrance to locks can be caused by…

Answer 1

• Spilling of water from the chamber

- Difference between the density of the water in the chamber and the water outside the chamber

Question 2

T or F The best heading for approaching an SPM is indicated by the heading of anchored ships and the reciprocal of the direction in which the floating hoses trail from the buoy.;

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T or F The wind has little effect on VLCC’s so these ship’s approach SPM’s directly into the current.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The safest approach to an SPM is made by….

Answer 4

Making a significant course change, preferably to port, to come to the final approach heading and then keeping the buoy fine to the port bow as the ship approaches the SPM

Question 5

T or F During ship-to-ship lightering operations there is less chance of damage if the yokohama fenders are rigged on the VLCC rather than the off taker.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

It is important that mooring wires used by ships engaged in ship-to-ship lightering have synthetic tails or pendants

Answer 6

• because they make it possible for ships to break apart more easily in an emergency
• They absorb some of the surge that might otherwise part the wires

Question 7

When approaching the offtaker, the VLCC proceeds at ________ possible speed

Answer 7

minimum or least

Question 8

When coming alongside with the offtaker the VLCC should head ______ the prevailing winds and swell

Answer 8

into

Question 9

The offtaker should _______ the VLCC”s quarter when coming alongside.

Answer 9

Keep clear of

Question 10

Anchors can be used to steer a ship backing or mooring because the ships stern will move to port if the starboard anchor is held, and to starboard if the port anchor is held

Answer 10

True

The stern moves in a direction opposite to the side on which the anchor is held

Question 11

When making a Mediterranean moor, the ship should back with her engines until in position, close up to the berth, before running any lines

Answer 11

False

heave on stern lines and payout anchor chain

Question 12

Departing a multiple buoy mooring or Mediterranean moor, its usually best to…

Answer 12

• Take lines aft
• Heave on the windward anchor short to 2 shots
• Then heave on the lee anchor while steaming against the weather anchor
• Start moving ship ahead as soon as the lee anchor breaks free

Question 13

Williamson turns are less effective with a VLCC because she maintains her speed longer and the vessels path of travel is less predictable

Answer 13

False

Question 14

When making a williamson turn a ship should always be steadied up 60 degrees from her initial heading before starting a hard over turn in the opposite direction

Answer 14

False

35 to 50 degrees depending on vessel and shift rudder

Question 15

Twin screw ships fitted with single rudders are generally more responsive at slow speeds through the water when the engines are stopped.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Twin screw ships can be moved laterally toward a berth by pushing the bow with a tug or bow thruster and backing the _______ engine while coming ahead on the other engine

Answer 16

outboard

Question 17

VLCC’s generally steer well at very slow speeds

Answer 17

True

Question 18

VLCC’s generally go astern to avoid close quarters situations

Answer 18

False

Question 19

“Safe speed” is the same for all sizes of ships

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Shallow water effects are felt at greater depth-to-draft ratios by loaded VLCC”s than by smaller ships.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The term constrained by draft should take into account shallow water effects and the danger of grounding.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Hydrodynamic effects are different for VLCC’s

Answer 22

False

Question 23

VLCC’s are less easily damaged when coming alongside a berth

Answer 23

False

Question 24

VLCC’s should be closer to a berth than smaller ships before mooring lines are sent ashore

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Longer ships are more difficult to bring flat alongside because perspective makes the farther end appear much closer to the berth than the closer end (the railroad effect)

Answer 25

True