Ch 9

Question 1

During exhalation in mammals ____ of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the chest cavity and ____ pressure in the lungs

Answer 1

Relaxation

Increases

Question 2

In the following pairs, compare the oxygen binding affinity of the blood (hemoglobin) at a PO2 of 40 mm Hg. In which pair does the first have a lower oxygen affinity than the second

Answer 2

Smaller mammal species

Larger mammal species

Question 3

Frogs and toads use _____ to ventilate their lungs

Answer 3

A buffalo force pump

Question 4

The Bohr effect is important for facilitating the _____ of oxygen at _____ capillaries

Answer 4

Unloading

Systemic

Question 5

Carbonic anhydrase is important for _____

Answer 5

Formation of bicarbonate ions
Facilitating release of O2 at tissues
Transport of CO2 in blood
ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 6

In response to hypoxia (ex living at high altitude) hematocrit levels would _____ and myoglobin levels would ______

Answer 6

Increase

Increase

Question 7

A decrease in ______ would decrease the oxygen binding affinity of hemoglobin

Answer 7

pH

Question 8

Compared to humans living at low altitude, the blood of people acclimatized to living at high altitude has ______ affinity for oxygen (at the oxygen partial pressures found in systemic capillaries) that results from ______ levels of organic phosphates

Answer 8

Lower

Higher

Question 9

Term that refers to the release of oxygen from hemoglobin is

Answer 9

Unloading

Question 10

The respiratory pigment of Arthropods that contains copper and turns blue when oxygenated is _____

Answer 10

Hemocyanin

Question 11

Primary organic phosphate in mammal blood that reduces oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is

Answer 11

Diphosphoglycerate

Question 12

Phrase that describes an oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin with a decreased oxygen affinity is

Answer 12

Shift to the right

Question 13

The hemoglobin of small mammals has ______ of a Bohr shift (effect) in part because they have ______ carbonic anhydrase

Answer 13

More

More

Question 14

Hyperventilation produces carbon dioxide levels in the blood to _____ and blood pH to _____ and this state is referred to as respiratory _____

Answer 14

Decrease
Increase
Alkalosis

Question 15

Chemoreceptors that detect changes in ____ of blood are located in the ______

Answer 15

pH

Carotid and aortic arteries

Question 16

Changes in levels of _____ in the blood is the primary regulator of changes in ventilation for animals jay are

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide

Air breathers

Question 17

Mammals adapted to life at high altitude breathed air with a _____ partial pressure of oxygen. Such mammals typically exhibit a _____ affinity of their hemoglobin for oxygen in comparison to mammals adapted to life at low altitude

Answer 17

Lower

Higher

Question 18

Acids ______ the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and their relationship is referred to as the _____ effect

Answer 18

Decrease

Root

Question 19

Typical varies for tidal volume and vital capacity in humans are _____ ml respectively

Answer 19

500

4500

Question 20

The secretion of _____ from type 2 alveolar cells and a ______ intrapleural pressure in the pleural sac (compared to the atmospheric pressure) help to keep the lungs expanded (I.e. Retard the collapse of alveoli)

Answer 20

Surfactant

Negative

Question 21

An increase in temp causes a shift the _____ for the oxygen dissociation curve because the affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen ______ at higher temp

Answer 21

Right

Decreases

Question 22

Terrestrial crustaceans (e.g. Isopods) use _____ for respiration

Answer 22

Gills

Question 23

Two pump (buccaneers and opercular) ventilation occurs in _____

Answer 23

Teleost fishes

Question 24

In toads the primary surface for exchange of oxygen is the ______ at low temperature (5 C) and the ____ at high temperature (>14 C). Regardless of temperature the primary surface exchange of carbon dioxide is the ____

Answer 24

Skin
Lungs
Skin

Question 25

During stress or activity the ____ division of the ANS stimulates

Answer 25

Sympathetic

Bronchodilation