ch 9 Flashcards
parenting
refers to the activity of raising a child. includes a set of behaviours that characterise how parents on a daily basis to meet the needs of their child
rights of a child
- the right to live a full life
- the right to quality healthcare, clean water, nutritious food n a clean environment
- the right to a standard of living good enough to meet physical n mental needs
- the right to relax, play n join a wide range of leisure activities
physical needs of a child
- nutritious food
- conditions for adequate sleep
- safe housing
- access to healthcare
- safe from danger n threats
social needs of a child
- socialisation
- values n beliefs learnt thru imitation n family interaction
- parents need to provide opportunities for interaction
emotional needs of a child
- pos parenting practices to create emotional security
- relationships with others, children learn respect n confidence, independence n freedom
intellectual needs of a child
- learning, communication n skill development
- parents need to create opportunities for problem solving, learning n understanding
support to new parents
- social, family to help babysit
- emotional, advice from regret after child
- government, leave pay, tax benefit, medicare
Considerations
- responsibilities, childs needs, lifestyle changes
- support
- resources, time n money
conception
begins when a sperm enters ovum (egg) to form complete cell
sperm
can survive 3 days in the womans body
pregnancy
- lasts 40 weeks
- due dates calculated from the beginning of mothers last period
3 trimesters
1 - wk 1-13
2- wk 14-27
3- wk 28-40
prenatal development
prenatal stage starts once fertilisation occurs
- most rapid lifespan stage
germinal stage
wk 0-2
begins with fertilisation n ends with implantation (stage when cells are dividing)
embryonic stage
wk 3-8
when cells start taking specialised roles (cell differentiation) n organs r forming
foetal stage
wk 9-38
rapid growth n organs formed in embryonic stage are functioning
zygote
a full cell resulting from the fusion of a sperm n an ovum
morula
a solid ball of cells created from a zygote
blastocyst
thin walled hollow structure consisting of a cluster of cells making up an outer cell mass that becomes the placenta n an inner cell mass that becomes the embryo
placenta
an organ that allows the transfer of nutrients, gases n wastes between mother n foetus
IVF
process of fertilising eggs with sperm outside the human body. once fertilised the resulting embryos r placed back into the womans uterus
Amniotic fluid
the fluid surrounding the embryo/foetus that protects the unborn baby
risk factors
- parental smoking n tabacco smoke in the house
- alcohol use during pregnancy
- certain foods
protective factors
- iodine
- iron
- folate
- maternal diet
- vaccination
folate
- required for dna synthesis
- reduce risks of neural tube defects
iodine
- promotes optimal brain development
iron
- helps carry oxygen around body
- required bc of increased demand for oxygen for the foetus
- increased demand of energy for mother
- deficiency during pregnancy leads to premature birth n low birthweight baby
alcohol use during pregnancy
- increased risk of stillbirth
- Alcohol crosses placenta to baby’s blood
- Restricts blood supply to foetus
- Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
- risks being born underdeveloped with low birthweight
Parental smoking & tobacco smoke in the home
- Chemicals from cigarettes reduce oxygen flow to placenta and exposes foetus to toxins
- Increases risk of spontaneous abortion, LBW, birth defects, mortality)
- Passive smoking can lead to the same H&W impacts as maternal smoking
The intergenerational nature of H&Wb
H&WB and development have a generational impact, this means the H&WB and development of one generation influences the H&WB of the next.
early life experiences
- low birth weight, reduces development capabilities n physical wellbeing
- obesity, poor self esteem n cardiovascular disease
- early relationships, secure attachment sense of safety n support, abusive more aggressive
- stress during pregnancy, child having higher levels of anxiety
- early environment, less attention from parents cause lower brain development n struggle interacting with others
social mobility
mobility refers to the movement between socioeconomic groups throughout generations.
