Ch 9,10,11,2,12,13,14,15 Flashcards by Megan Bershon

This for physicians emphasizes the importance of improving medical knowledge and skills, ultimately for the benefit of the patient

The code of medical ethics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is the structure of the medical staff organization accomplished?

Through bylaws, rules and regulations, application and credential in process, and committee structure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who oversees the activities of the medical staff and is responsible for recommending to the governing body such things as medical staff structure

Executive committee

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What describes the functioning of the medical staff and must be reviewed and approved by the organizations governing body?

Bylaws committee-

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This committee oversees the application process for medical staff applicants, requests for clinical privileges and reappointment to a medical staff

Credentials committee

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This committee develops policies and procedures as they pertain to the management of medical records

Medical records committee

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This committee monitors and evaluates utilization issues such as medical necessity and appropriateness of admission and continued stay, as well as delay in the provision of diagnostics, therapeutic, and supportive services

Utilization review committee

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who serves as the liaison between the medical staff and the organizations governing body and management? They provide guidance and leadership for the medical staff and play a major role in quality improvement activities

Medical director

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is restricted to those professions who fulfill the requirements as described in an organizations medical by laws?

Medical staff privileges

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

NPBD

National practitioner Data Bank-

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who created the NPDB and why?

Congress with the purpose of facilitating a comprehensive review of physicians and other healthcare practitioners professional credentials

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the process by which the medical staff determines precisely what procedures a physician is authorized to perform

Delineation of clinical privileges

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who has the ultimate responsibility for granting medical staff privileges?

Governing body responsibility

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the beginning point for preparing a patients treatment plan?

History and physical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a tool for communicating between disciplines?

Medical record

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A plaintiff who claims that a physician failed to order proper diagnostic tests must show what?

Standard practice to use certain test for that circumstance
The physician failed to use the test and failed to diagnosis the patient
Patient suffered harm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To recover damages in a case of physician has a duty to refer their patient whom he or she knows needs to be referred to a physician familiar with patient ailments, the plaintiff must show?

Prof must be shown that the physician deviated from the standard of care and that the failure to refer resulted in harm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the process in determining a patients disease?

Medical diagnosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most frequent cited injury event in malpractice suits against physicians?

Misdiagnosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Will a physician be held liable for exercising his or her judgement in applying a course of treatment supported by a reputable and respected body of medical experts even if another expert would of favored another course of treatment?

No- the two schools of thought doctrine is only applicable in medical malpractice cases in which there is more than one method of accepted treatment for a patients disease or injury

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This when applied to physicians refers to their duty to disclose known risks, benefits, and alternatives with a proposed course of treatment.

The doctrine of informed consent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A failure to disclose known and existing risks of proposed treatment when it might affect the patients decision to forgo treatment could constitute what?

Prima facie violation of a physicians duty to disclose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a leading cause of injury and unnecessary deaths?

Nosocomial infections

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is one of the most vulnerable medical specialties with significant risk exposure to malpractice suits?

Obstetrics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

For a proven suit of intentional infliction of emotional distress requires four elements to be proven:

1. The defendants conduct was intentional or reckless 2. The conduct was extreme and outrageous 3. The conduct caused emotional distress to the plaintiff 4. The emotional distress was severe

What are the major risk with psychiatry?

Commitment, electric shock, duty to warn, and suicide

This is often the subject of legal action for abandonment; the unilateral termination of a physician patient relationship by the physician without notice to the patient

Premature termination of treatment

6 elements needed to recover damages for a patient for abandonment:

1. Care was unreasonably discontinued 2. D/c of medical care was against the patients will 3. The termination was unilateral by the physician 4. MD failed to arrange for care by another physician 5. Foresight indicated that d/c might result in physical harm to the patient 6. Actual harm suffered by the patient

4 basic methods for board to license out of state nurses:

1. Reciprocity 2. Endorsement 3. Waiver 4. Examination

This is a formal or informal agreement between states whereby a nurse licensing board in one state recognizes the license of another state if the board of that state extends this type of recognition from the first state;

Reciprocity

This term can be used at times by states interchangeable with reciprocity however, in licensing by this boards determine whether out of state nurses qualifications are equivalent to their own state requirements at the time of initial licensure.

Endorsement

This occurs when applicants do not meet all the requirements for licensure but have qualifications, the specific prerequisite of education, experience, or examination can be waived

Waiver

Suspension and revocation proceedings are _______ rather than judicial and do not carry criminal sanctions.

Administrative

This is a qualified Rn who has administrative authority, responsibility, and accountability for the activities and training of the nursing staff.

CNO

How is an organization responsible for the negligence of a special duty nurse?

Only if a master-servant relationship can be established between the organization and the nurse

If a master-servant relationship exists between the organization and the special duty nurse then the doctrine of ____ _____ may be applied to impose liability on the organization for the nurses negligent acts.

Respondeat superior

This one is trained in the delivery of primary healthcare ad the assessment of psychosocial and physical health problems such as the performance of routine examinations and the ordering of routine diagnostic tests

Nurse practitioner

This is a professional RN with an advanced academic degree, experience, and expertise in a clinical specialty and acts as a resource for the management of patients with complex needs and conditions

CNS

What was the first expanded role for nurses that required certification?

Nurse administered anesthesia

These are the standards or codes of conduct established by the membership of a specific profession.

Professional ethics

Why are codes of ethics created?

They are created in response to actual or anticipated ethical conflicts

In a laboratory's code of ethics what do they pledge?

Accuracy and reliability in the performance of their tests

What does EMTALA mean for hospitals?

Patients must be treated and transferred if such is necessary for the patients well being regardless of ability to pay

When was EMTALA passed?

1986 by congress

2 principle obligations under EMTALA:

1. The appropriate medical screening requirement | 2. The stabilization requirement

When can patients be transferred?

Only after having received a medical screening by a physician, stabilized, and cleared for transfer by the receiving institution

This term means wth respect to an emergency medical condition to provide such medical treatment of the condition as may be necessary to assure, within reasonable medical probability that no material deterioration of the condition is likely to result from or to occur during the transfer of the individual from a facility

Stabilized

What is the single most fatal mistake in emergency departments?

Not taking any patients complaint lightly

This is an unlicensed person who provides administrative, clerical, and/or technical support to a licensed practitioner

Medical assistant

This is the art and science of preventing and treating neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disabilities through the evaluation of an individuals disability and rehabilitation potential, the use of physical agents (heat, cold, U/S,electricity, water, and light)

Physical therapy

What are the areas of liability for physical therapists?

Failure to obtain a complete prescription from prescribing MD Failure to follow MD orders or clarify orders Aggressive treatment Burns from hot packs

This is a medical professional who is a graduate of an accredited educational training program and is nationally certified and state licensed to practice medicine with the supervision of a physician

Physician assistant

This is the branch of philosophy that seeks to understand the nature, purposes, justification, and the founding principles or moral rules and the systems they comprise

Ethics aka moral philosophy

______ involves the individuals view of what's right and wrong

Microethics

______ involves the more global view of what is right and wrong

Macroethics

______ addresses difficult situations as the nature of life, the nature of death, what sort of life is worth living, how we should treat these who are especially vulnerable, and the responsibility that we have to others

Bioethics

_____ is a code of conduct, a guide to behavior that all rational persons put forward for governing their behavior, a class of rules held by society to govern the conduct if its individual members

Morality

_____ are ideas about what's right and what's wrong

Morals

_____ ______ are those that are concerned with what an individual or group believes to be the right or proper behavior in a given situation

Moral judgement

____ of ____ prescribe the standards of conduct, states principles, expresses responsibilities and defines rules expressing the duties of professionals to whom they apply

Codes of conduct

_____ are used to guide human conduct by stating desireable traits to be exhibited and undersirable ones to be avoided

Standards

_____ describe responsibilities that don't specify what the required conduct should be

Principles

______ specify conduct, they don't allow for individual professional judgement

Rules

This theory of ethics is the attempt to determine what moral standards should be followed so that human behavior and conduct may be morally right

Normative theory

This form of ethics is the critical study of major moral precepts of such matters as what things are right and what things are good and what things are genuine

General normative

This is the application of normative theories to practical moral problems, attempts to explain and justify moral problems

Applied ethics

This is also known as comparative ethics and deals with what people believe to be right and wrong

Descriptive ethics

____-____ seeks to understand ethical terms and theories and their applications

Meta-ethics

This theory of ethics emphasizes that the morally right action is whatever actions leads to the maximum balance of good over evil

Consequentialism theory

This theory involves the concept that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall usefulness

Utilitarian ethics

This theory denies that the consequences of an action are the only criteria for determining in the morality of an action

Nonconsequential theory

This is attributed to the german philosopher immanuel kant that even though doing good is the right thing, it may or may not lead to or increase the good and right thing sought after

Deontological ethics

This theory holds that morality is relative to the norms of ones culture

Ethical relativism

These are universal rules of fondues, derived from ethical theories that provide a practical basis for identifying what kinds of actions, intentions, and motives are valued

Ethical principles

Describes the principle of doing good, demonstrating kindness, showing compassion, and helping others

Beneficence

_____ is a form of beneficence, sometimes people believe they know what's best for another and make decisions for them in their best interest

Paternalism

_____ ___ involved making decisions for patients who are capable of making their own choices

Medical paternalism

_____ the obligation to be fair in the distribution of benefits and risks

Justice

_____ focus on the inherent characters of a person rather than on the specific actions that he or she performs

Virtues

_____ are standards of conduct, they are used for judging the goodness or badness of some actions

Values

___ value is something that has value in and of itself (happiness)

Intrinsic value

_____ value is something that helps to give value to something else

Instrumental

____ has to do with orderliness and moderation in everything said and done

Temperance

_____ ethics are based on codes developed by societies that have relied on customs to formulate their codes unlike religious ethics

Secular

____ ethics is concerned with the outcome or consequences of an action in which the ends justify the means

Situational

Ethical ___ occurs when ideas of right and wrong conflict

Dilemmas

____ reasoning describes a person who has already made up his or her mind on a particular issue and sees no need for deliberation

Circular

_____ the voluntary agreement by a person who possesses sufficient mental capacity to make an intelligent choice to allow a medical procedure or treatment by another to be performed on himself or herself

Consent

This is a legal doctrine that provides that a patient has the right to know the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives of a proposed procedure

Informed consent

This is an individual who by law is vested with the power and charged with the duty of taking care of a patient by protecting their rights and managing the patients estate

Guardianship

What are the most cited conditions indicative of incompetence in an individual to make decisions?

``` Mental illness Mental retardation Senility Physical incapacity Chronic alcohol and drug abuse ```

This authorizes someone to make decision for emergency care for injured people

Limited power of attorney

This act provides that each person has a right under state law to make decisions concerning their medical care, including the right to accept or refuse medical or surgical treatment

Patient self determination act of 1990