Ch 1,3,4,5,6,7,8 Flashcards
What are the 3 branches of the federal government?
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
This principle provides that no one branch of government is clearly dominant over the other two; however, in the exercise of its functions, each can affect and limit the activities, functions, and powers of the others.
Separation of powers
The primary function of the ______ branch of the government on the state and federal level is to administer and enforce the law.
Executive branch
Who serves as the administrative head of the executive branch?
The president
On the state level who serves as the head of the executive branch of the government?
Governor
On the federal level legislative powers are vested in the?
Congress of the US
The function of the _______ branch is to enact laws that can amend or repel existing legislation and to create new legislation.
Legislative
The legislature branch determines the nature and extent of the need for new ______ and existing laws.
Laws
Committees of both house of ______ are responsible for preparing federal legislation
Congress
The function of the ________ branch of government is adjudication—- resolving disputes in accordance with the law.
Judicial
________ is the resolving of disputes in accordance with the law
Adjudication
What does it mean for a court to have at least one appellate court?
There is a provision for appeal with further review in all but select cases
What is the trial court of the federal system?
US district court, there are 94 of these in the 50 states and one in the district of columbia
Why are there more courts in the US than number of states?
Because some of the larger states have more than one district court
How many judges are required to sit and decide a case?
Usually one however, there are some cases that require up to 3
What is the nations highest court?
The supreme court and its the only one created directly by the constitution
How many people sit in the supreme court?
8 associate justices and one chief justice…
The supreme court has _______ original jurisdiction over the _______ federal courts and the highest state courts.
Limited, lower
If a president vetoes a bill how much of congress does it take to over ride the veto?
Two-thirds
A president can also prevent a bill from becoming law by avoiding any action while congress is in session, this is known as a?
Pocket veto
DHHS is a cabinet level department of the executive branch of the federal government, is concerned wth people and is the most involved with the nations human concerns.
Department of health and human services
What s the main source of regulations affecting the health care industry?
DHHS
CMS is formerly known as the Health Care Financing Adminstrion and was created t combine under one administration the oversight of the medicare program, federal portion of medicaid, the state children’s health insurance program, and related quality assurance activities
Centers for medicare and medicaid services
Which program is for those 65 and older and certain disabled persons?
Medicare
PHS is responsible for the protection of the nations physical and mental health
Public health service
PHS is composed of several agencies.
National institute of health
Centers for disease control and prevention
Fda
Health resources and services administration
Agency for healthcare research and quality
Agency for toxic substances and disease registry
Indian health services
________ is a system of principles and processes by which people in a society deal with disputes and problems, seeking to resolve or settle them without resorting to forces
How scholars define the law
________ are rules of conduct that is enforced by the government which imposes penalties when violated
Laws
________ law deals with relationships between individuals and governments
Public
_______ law deals with relationships among individuals
Private
_______ law, which is a segment of public law, prohibits conduct deemed injurious to public order and provides punishment of those proven to have engaged in such conduct
Criminal
Tort and contract actions are two basic types of _______ law
Private
_______ _______ one party asserts that the wrongful conduct of another has caused harm, and the injured party seeks compensation.
Tort action
______ ______ involves a claim by one party that another party has breached an agreement by failing an obligation
Contract action
________ policy is the principle of law that holds no one can lawfully do that which tends to be injurious o the public or against the public good.
Public
_________ law refers to the body of principles that evolve and expand from judicial decisions that arise during the trial of court cases.
Common
Where do many of our legal principles and rules come from today?
Origins in english common law
After the revolution which state did not adopt all or part of the english common law?
Louisiana
Louisiana has based their civil law on what?
French and spanish laws and especially on the code of napoleon
Is there a national system on common law?
No
Legal cases are tried by applying common law principles unless what?
A statute governs
_______ is when a case sets forth a new legal principle and establishes?
A precedent
A precedent is rendered to serve as a rule for _____ _______ when deciding similar cases
Future guidance
_____ _______ means the thing is decided refers to that which has been previously acted on or decided by the courts.
Res judicata
______ ________ common law principle provides that when a decision is rendered in a lawsuit involving a particular set of facts another lawsuit involving an indentical or substantially similar situation is to be resolved in the same manner as the first law suit
Stare decisis
_____ ________ is a written law emanating from a legislative body.
Statutory law
Can statutory law be amended, repealed, or expanded by action of the legislature?
Yes
______ law is the extensive body of the public law issue by either state or federal agencies to direct the enacted laws of the federal and state governments. It is the branch of law that controls the administrative operations of the government
Administrative
Where can resolution be sought if federal and state laws conflict?
The appropriate federal court
The ____ ____ act describes the different procedures under which federal administrative agencies must operate
Administrative procedures
The _____ of _____ _____ is an agency within the executive branch of government, established in 1978 by?
Office of government ethics…… ethics in government act
What does the office of government ethics do?
Exercise leadership in executive branch to prevent conflicts of interest on the. Part of government employees, and to resolve those conflicts of interest that occur
The _____ of _____ is designated as the supervising ethics office for the House of Representatives
Committee on ethics
Which two ancient civilizations had crude hospitals?
India and egypt
Who appointed a physician for every 10 villages and built hospitals for the crippled and the poor?
Buddha
Who built places for the pregnant and diseased?
Upatiso, buddhas son
Were hindu physicians capable of surgery?
Yes
Who were the first to administer drugs to patients? What kind of drugs did they administer?
Egyptians, alum, peppermint, castor oil, and opium
The term _____ derives from hospitality, which relates to guests and their treatment
Hospital
This physician employed principles of percussion and auscultation, wrote intelligently on fractures, performed numerous surgical operations, and described conditions like epilepsy, TB, malaria, and ulcers.
Hippocrates
This persian physician was the first to use the intestines of sheep for suturing and cleansing patient wounds with alcohol.
Rhazes
Who said was is the only proper school for a surgeon?
Hippocrates
What dominated the establishment of hospitals during the middle ages?
Religion
A number of religious orders created _____ or travelers’ rests and infirmaries adjacent to monasteries that provided food and temporary shelter for weary travelers and pilgrims.
Hospitia
When did the hospital movement grow rapidly?
During the crusades, 1096.
What were lazar houses built for?
Built on the edges of towns to accommodate those with leprosy.
This group is credited with virtually stamping our leprosy.
Members of the Order of St. Lazar
What hospital was used exclusively for the mentally ill in england?
St. Mary of Bethlehem
The great ____ ____ was built in Cairo in 1276, and was a contrast to the european institutes of the middle ages. It was equipped with separate wards for the more serious diseases and outpatient clinics. These hospitals laid the ground works of hospital progress to come in later centuries.
Al-Mansur hospital
Who was known as the originator of the cross-sectional anatomy and performed dissections?
Leonardo da Vinci, Vesalius
When did the practice of surgery become more scientific?
During the renaissance
During the renaissance who performed surgeries and who performed shaving the patient and leech therapy?
Long robed surgeons performed surgery
Short robe barber surgeons shaved and applied leech therapy
How were long robe surgeons and short robe barbers regarded by other physicians?
They were looked down upon and thought of as inferior
When was the royal college of surgeons of edinburgh established?
1506
Who discovered bacteria, free living and parasitic microscopic protsits, sperm cells, good cells, and microscopic nematodes?
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
Where was the first hospital in the new world?
Manhatten Island
Where was the first site for the incorporated hospital in america? And also the first place for the quarantine station for immigrants
Philadelphia 1743
What hospital in boston opened its door in 1832 for those women who were unable to afford in home medical care?
Boston Lying-in Hospital one of the nations first maternity hospitals
What era had more surgical procedures done due to more knowledge of anatomy?
19th century
_______, this practice in the 19th century where surgeons believed the production and discharge of pus was desirable and encouraged
Suppuration
During which war did nightingale create order and cleanliness ?
Crimean war
Who first used ether as an anesthetic to remove a small tumor from the neck of a patient?
Crawford Long, he did not publish any of this so many attribute this to WTG morgan a dentist who developed sulfuric ether
When was the AMA founded?
1847
Who discovered that puerperal fever was being spread by the med students after they came from autopsies and implemented the order to wash hands in lye prior to touching live patients?
Semmelweis
Who proved bacteria were produced by reproduction and not spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteur
Who demonstrated that wound healing could be hastened by using antiseptics to destroy disease bearing organisms and by preventing contaminated air from coming into contact with these organisms?
Lister
Who introduced the steam sterilization?
Bergmann in 1886
