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CHM101 > Ch 8.3-8.7, 8.9 > Flashcards

Ch 8.3-8.7, 8.9 Flashcards

1
Q

three categories of pathogens that produce water-borne diseases

A

Parasite
Bacteria
Virus

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2
Q

Pathogenic

A

Disease-causing

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3
Q

Parasite example

A

Giardia

Source = fecal contamination & uncooked food
Health problems = vomiting, diarrhea, & cramps

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4
Q

Bacteria example

A

E.coli

Source = fecal contamination
Health problems = diarrhea & cramps

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5
Q

Virus example

A

Polio

Source = fecal contamination
Health problems = flu symptoms & paralysis

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6
Q

What to avoid when traveling to places w/ no comprehensive water sanitation procedures

A

Ice
Tap water
Vegetables & fruits that don’t have a peel

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7
Q

Potable

A

Means drinkable

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8
Q

Boiling water

A

Kills bacteria, viruses, & protozoa
Boil for 1 min (3 min for altitude > 5,000ft)
This does not destroy heavy metals, salts, & other chemicals

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9
Q

Disinfecting water at home

A

A diluted form of liquid chlorine (household) bleach (don’t use color safe or scented)

Or ammonia

NEVER BOTH AT ONCE

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10
Q

Contaminant

A

Any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter in water
Anything other than water molecules

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11
Q

Combustion sources & how combustion processes affect water sources

A

Sources = vehicles & power plants
They combust fossil fuels & generate compounds NOxs, SOxs, CO, & CO2 and some of these compounds become soluble in water
Result = affects pH (pH < 5.6 = acid rain)

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12
Q

Acid rain

A

Involves sulfuric, nitric, and carbonic acids
Affects living organisms & building materials
Can corrode metals & make them soluble too
Northeast US = most problems w/ acid rain (dense population, lots of cities)

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13
Q

Inorganic contaminants

A

Hard water
Soft water
Eutrophication
Lead
Arsenic
Mercury
Cadmium
Uranium

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14
Q

Hard water

A

Large concentration of minerals
Ions = calcium, magnesium, carbonate, & iron
Not toxic but can affect industrial processes
Scale = building up of new formed solid ions (can damage equipment internally)
Can contribute to formation of kidney stones

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15
Q

Soft water

A

Potassium & sodium ions present
Does not form scale
Does produce excessive lathers w/ soap
Preferred over hard water but sodium content can affect if ingested at high concentration

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16
Q

Eutrophication

A

When an excessive amount of nitrites (fertilizer) or phosphates dissolve in water & these chemicals then activate plants/algae to grow
Leads to overgrowth in plant life which can inhibit oxygen from entering the water (can kill aquatic animals)

17
Q

Toxic inorganic species

A

Lead = construction work
Arsenic = waste sites
Mercury = fish

18
Q

Organic chemical concerns

A

Dioxin = byproducts of industrial practices produced by incineration processes & can be released into air during forest fires
Persistent Organic Polluters (POPS) b/c of their long residual life-times
Fat soluble which affects health of living organisms
Harms hormonal & reproductive systems

PCBs = carcinogen, used to be electrical insulators

19
Q

Why drinking water requires sanitation

A

Sanitation = disinfects water & kill germs

20
Q

3 types of water sanitation methods

A

Chlorine-based
Ozone disinfection
UV radiation

21
Q

Chlorine methods

A

Rids water of bacteria & viruses (not parasite)
Offers residual protection from treatment facility to consumer
Alters taste & smell
Possible disinfectant byproducts

22
Q

Residual protection

A

Low level of chlorine remaining in water after its initial application

23
Q

Ozone disinfection

A

Toxic to most waterborne organisms
Kills viruses & bacteria
Does not alter the taste or smell
No residual protection
Fewer disinfectant byproducts
Most expensive method

24
Q

Disinfectant byproducts

A

New compounds formed by chemical compound used to sanitize water
Can be a primary contaminant

25
Q

UV disinfection

A

Gets rid of viruses, bacteria, & parasites
Does not produce byproducts
Does not change taste or smell
No residual protection
More expensive than chlorination

26
Q

Lifestraw

A

Physical filtration w/ no chemical treatment
Removes bacteria & parasites
About $30

27
Q

UV pen

A

Kill parasites, viruses, & bacteria
About $90

28
Q

Iodine tabs

A

Kill bacteria & parasite
Cheap

29
Q

Fluoridation

A

Fluoride protects teeth from decay
Rebuilds & strengthens tooth’s enamel
Stops cavities
Most cost effective method of delivering fluoride to all compared to other fluoride products
MCL = 4ppm

CHM101 (5 decks)

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