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CHM101 > Ch 1 > Flashcards

Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of matter

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3
Q

Alchemy

A

thought that all matter was composed of different proportions of the four basic elements—fire, water, earth, and air

Goal: to turn base metals into gold

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4
Q

Physical chemistry

A

macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems

Ex: rates of reactions, energy transfers, physical structures

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5
Q

Organic chemistry

A

Carbon + hydrogen. The ppl make plastics and drugs.

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6
Q

Inorganic chemistry

A

Minerals and metals. No carbon

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7
Q

Analytical chemistry

A

Composition of matter. Figure out what and how much

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8
Q

Biochemistry

A

Drug makers, works with body

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9
Q

Law vs theory

A

Law says what happens and not the why

Theory attempts to explain why nature behaves as it does (incomplete/imperfect)

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10
Q

Pure vs applied research

A

Pure focuses on answering basic questions

Applied would be involved in the process of developing specific preparation for things

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11
Q

Physical properties

A

Size, Shape, Color, odor
Mass, density
Boiling/melting point
State
Thermal conductivity
Solubility
Ductility, malleability

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12
Q

Chemical properties

A

Flammability, combustion
Oxidation
Rusting
Decomposition
Inertness
Light sensitive

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13
Q

Substance

A

Any sample of matter that has the same physical and chemical properties throughout the sample

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14
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components

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15
Q

Compound

A

A substance that can be broken down into chemically simpler components because it has more than one element

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16
Q

Atom

A

The smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element

17
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest part of a compound that maintains the identity of that compound

18
Q

Organic compound

A

contain carbon, hydrogen, and usually another element from the right side of the periodic table

19
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

obvious combinations of two or more substances

20
Q

Homogeneous mixture (solution)

A

Mixtures with a consistent composition throughout

21
Q

Solid to liquid
Solid to gas

A

Melting, fusion
Sublimation

22
Q

Liquid to gas
Liquid to solid

A

Boiling, evaporation
Solidification, freezing

23
Q

Gas to liquid
Gas to solid

A

Condensation
Deposition

24
Q

Solid

A

definite shape and a definite volume
Low kinetic energy
Particles move slow

25
Q

Liquid

A

definite volume but not a definite shape; they take the shape of their containers
Still organized
More kinetic energy

26
Q

Gas

A

neither a definite shape nor a definite volume, and they expand to fill their containers
Most kinetic energy
Hard to contain

27
Q

Mutagen

A

able to alter DNA and could result in carcinogenesis

28
Q

Carcinogen

A

able to cause cancer
(benzene, radon, asbestos)

29
Q

Neurotoxin

A

affects the nervous system
(lead and mercury)

30
Q

Teratogen

A

affects developing fetus or embryo
(thalidomide and Accutane)

31
Q

Corrosive

A

can chemically destroy things easily
(acids/bases)

32
Q

Flammable/combustible

A

able to catch on fire
(gasoline and acetone)

33
Q

Volatile

A

a liquid that can transform into gas easily
(gasoline and acetone)

34
Q

Ts

A

Tennessine
Discovered by Russia-US collaboration
Named after Tennessee
Created in 2010
Discovered element in 2019
Half life is 51 milliseconds

35
Q

How were the last 4 elements made?

A

Fire a beam of atoms into a different type of atom and the atoms fuse

36
Q

Components of scientific method

A
  1. Observation
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Experiment
  4. Accept or modify hypothesis
  5. Develop law and/or theory
37
Q

Name a neurotransmitter & give a fact about it

A

Dopamine causes feelings of pleasure, addiction, movement, and motivation. People repeat behaviors that lead to dopamine release.

CHM101 (5 decks)

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