Ch. 8 - The Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What does the clavicle articulate with?
- medially to sternum (sternoclavicular joint)
- laterally to scapula (acromioclavicular joint)
What are some distinct markings on the scapula?
- acromion process
- glenoid cavity (accepts head of humerus to form shoulder)
- coracoid process (major site of muscle tendon attachment)
What are the 5 joints of the upper limb?
glenohumeral, elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal
How does the humerus attach to the radius and ulna?
elbow joint
- capitulum of H articulates with head of radius
- trochlea of H articulates with ulna
What causes the tingling sensation when hitting your funny bone?
the ulnar nerve above the posterior surface of medial epicondyle
How does the ulna attach to the radius?
proximal radioulnar joint
- radial head of R articulates with radial notch of U
How does the radius attach to the biceps brachii?
radial tuberosity
How does the radius attach to the carpals?
distal radioulnar joint; radius forms wrist joint with carpals
What are the 8 carpal bones?
proximal (L to M) scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
distal (L to M) trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
What does each metacarpal have?
base, shaft, head
What is another name for knuckles?
metacarpophalangeal joints
What does each phalanx have?
base, shaft, head
What does each finger have?
proximal, middle, distal phalanx (except thumb has no middle!)
What are the joints between phalanges called?
interphalangeal joints
What does the bony pelvis consist of?
2 hip bones, sacrum pubic symphysis
What is the pelvic girdle?
two hip (coxal, pelvic) bones
What does each hip bone consist of?
ilium, ishium, pubis
How do the hip bones attach to the sacrum?
posteriorly at the sacroiliac joint
What is the ilium and what are some of its distinct markings?
superior portion of hipbone
iliac crest, iliac fossa, gluteal lines for muscle attachment
What is the ishium?
inferior and posterior portion of hipbone
What is the pubis?
inferior and anterior part of hipbone
What is the obturator foramen?
formed by ishial ramus and pubis
What is the acetabulum?
accepts head of femur; acetabulum + femur head = hip joint
How do the false pelvis and true pelvis differ?
F - portion superior to pelvic brim, contains lower abdomen
T - portion inferior to pelvic brim, contains pelvic cavity
How do male and female pelves differ?
M - larger articular surfaces, larger sites for muscle attachment
F - wider, larger pelvic inlet/outlet, pubic arch > 90 degrees, more space in true pelvis
What are the 6 joints of the lower limb?
coxal, tibiofemoral, tibiofibular, talocrural, metatarsophalangeal, interphalangeal
What are some features of the femur?
- longest and strongest bone in body
- greater and lesser tronchanter: sites of muscle attachmet
What does the femur articulate with and how?
- proximal end articulates with acetabulum of pelvis
- distal ends articulates with tibia and patella
What are some features of the patella?
- sesamoid bone anterior to knee joint
- formed w/i tendon of quadriceps femoris
What are some features of the tibia?
- weight-bearing bone
- form lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints
What does the tibia articulate with and how?
- lateral and medial condyles articulate with femur
- inferior surface of lateral C articulates with fibula head
- fiibular notch articulates with fibula
- medial malleolus articulates with talus in ankle
What comprises of the knee joint?
femur and tibia
What does the fibula articulate with and how?
- lateral malleolus articulates with talus
- 3 articulations with tibia
What are the 3 articulations of the fibula with the tibia?
proximal tibiofibular joint, distal tibiofibular joint, interosseous membrane
What are the 7 tarsal bones?
talus (ankle), calcaneus *heel), cuboid, navicular, cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral)
