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Stacy Test 2 > Ch. 8 Introduction to Abdominal scanning: Techniques and protocols > Flashcards

Ch. 8 Introduction to Abdominal scanning: Techniques and protocols Flashcards

1
Q

Largest arterial structure in the body: arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to the head, upper and lower extremities, and abdominopelvic cavity

A

Aorta

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2
Q

First major anterior artery to arise from the abdominal aorta inferior to the diaphragm; it branches into the hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries

A

Celiac axis

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3
Q

Vessels originating from the iliac arteries and seen in the inguinal region into the upper thigh

A

Common femoral arteries

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4
Q

Branch of the common hapatic artery to supply the stomach and duodenum

A

gastroduodenal artery

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5
Q

Common hepatic artery arises from the celiac trunk and courses to the right on the abdomen and branches into the GDA and proper HA

A

Hepatic artery

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6
Q

Originate from the bifurication of the aorta at the level of the umbilicus

A

Iliac arteries

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7
Q

Arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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8
Q

Small branch of the celiac axis that feeds the stomach

A

Left gastric artery

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9
Q

Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney

A

Left renal artery

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10
Q

Leaves the posterolateral wall of the aorta; travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to enter the hilus of the kidney

A

Right renal artery

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11
Q

Arises from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum

A

Splenic artery

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12
Q

Arises inferior to the celiac axis from the anterior wall of the abdominal aorta: travels parallel to the aorta to supply the small bowel, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon; lies posterior to the body of the pancreas

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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13
Q

Junction of the splenic and portal veins that occurs in the midabdomen and serves as a posterior border of the pancreas

A

Confluence of the splenic and portal veins

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14
Q

Upper part of the venous drainage system of the lower extremity found in the upper thigh and groin

A

Femoral Vein

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15
Q

Largest tributaries that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm

A

Hepatic veins

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16
Q

Receive tributaries from the lower extremities and drain into the inferior vena cava

A

Iliac veins

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17
Q

Principal venous vessel that returns blood from the lower half of the body from the confluence of the right and left common iliac veins; flows posterior to the liver to enter the right atrium of the heart

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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18
Q

Supplies the left lobe of the liver

A

Left portal vein

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19
Q

Leaves the renal hilum and travel anterior to the aorta, posterior to the superior mesenteric artery to empty into the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

A

Left renal vein

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20
Q

Comprises the splenic, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric, and portal veins

A

Portal venous system

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21
Q

Leaves the renal hilum to flow directly into the IVC

A

Right renal vein

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22
Q

Drains blood from the spleen and part of the stomach; forms the posteromedial border of the pancreas as it travels horizontally across the abdomen; joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the main portal vein

A

Splenic vein

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23
Q

Drains the small bowel and cecum and transverse and sigmoid colon; travels vertically to join the splenic and portal veins; serves as a landmark to the body of the pancreas and anterior border to the uncinate process of the head

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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24
Q

Supplies the right lobe of the liver

A

Right portal vein

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25
Q

Ancillary vessels that develop when portal hypertension occurs

A

Collateral vessels

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26
Q

Formed by the union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein; serves as the posterior border of the pancreas

A

Main portal vein

27
Q

Smallest lobe of the liver; lies posterior to the left lobe and anterior to the inferior vena cava; superior border is the ligamentum venosum

A

Caudate lobe

28
Q

Muscular structures seen in the upper abdomen at the level of the celiac axis; aligns the vertebral column before crossing the midline posterior to the inferior vena cava and anterior to the aorta

A

Crus of the diaphragm

29
Q

Most superior aspect of the liver at the level of the diaphragm

A

Dome of the liver

30
Q

Attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and undersurface of the diaphragm

A

Falciform ligament

31
Q

Termination of the falciform ligament, seen int he left lobe of the liver

A

Ligamentum teres

32
Q

Echogenic linear structure found anterior to the caudate lobe and posterior to the left lobe of the liver

A

Ligamentum venousum

33
Q

Small peironeal recess located anterior to the right kidney and inferior to the liver

A

Morison’s pouch

34
Q

Where the triad of the portal vein, common bile duct, and hepatic artery enter the liver

A

Porta hepatis

35
Q

Group of muscles that originate at the hilum of the kidneys and lie lateral to the spine

A

Psoas major muscle

36
Q

Central area of the spleen that allows the vascular and lymph structure to emerge or enter

A

Splenic hilum

37
Q

All transverse supine scans are oriented with the liver on the ___________of the screen

A

Left

38
Q

Longitudinal scans present the patient’s head to the __________ and feet to the _________ of the screen and use the xiphoid, umbilicus, or symphysis to denote the midline of the scan plane

A

Head to the left, feet to the right

39
Q

The position of the patient should be described in relation to the _______

A

Scanning table

40
Q

Variations in the patients’s respiration may also help eliminate _________ interference and improve image quality

A

Rib

41
Q

Patients should be instructed not to eat or drink anything for ________ hours before the abdominal ultrasound procedure

A

6-8

42
Q

Identify the structures that are included in a survey of the baseline upper abdominal ultrasound examination?

A 
Liver and porta hepatis
vascular structures
biliary system
Pancreas
Kidney 
Spleen
Para-aortic area
43
Q

In Doppler imaging, flow toward the transduceris positive, or _________ whereas flow away from the transducer is negative, or _______

A

Positive or above baseline, negative or below baseline

44
Q

Arterial flow pulsates with the cardiac cycle and shows its maximal peak during the __________ part of the cycle

A

Systolic

45
Q

A phasic pattern may be seen in the __________ (near the heart) that is associated with overload of the right ventricle

A

Hepatic veins

46
Q

Without internal echoes; the structure if fluid filled and transmits sound easily

A

Anechoic or sonolucent

47
Q

Echo-producing structure; reflects sound with a brighter intensity

A

Echogenic or hyperechoic

48
Q

Sound that travels through an anechoic (fluid filled) substance and is not attenuated. There is increased brightness directly beyond the posterior border of the anechoic structure as compared with the surrounding area

A

Enhancement, increased through transmission

49
Q

Interface between two fluids with different acoustic characteristics. This level will change with patient position

A

Fluid-filled level

50
Q

Not uniform in texture or composition

A

Heterogeneous

51
Q

Completely uniform in texture or composition

A

Homogeneous

52
Q

Low-level echoes within a structure

A

Hypoechoic

53
Q

Usually refers to a diffuse disease process or metastatic disease

A

Infiltrating

54
Q

Borders are not well defined, are ill defined, or are not present

A

Irregular borders

55
Q

Very close to the normal parenchymal echogenicity pattern

A

Isoechoic

56
Q

Well-defined borders with internal echoes; the septa may be thin (likely benign) or thick (likely malignant)

A

Loculated Mass

57
Q

Sound beam is attenuated by a solid or calcified object

A

Shadowing

58
Q

What three terms are used to describe various texttures of the border of a structure?

A

Smooth
Well-defined
Irregular

59
Q

What two terms may be used to identify the texture of a structure?

A

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

60
Q

List three terms that describe the transmission of sound

A

Increased
Unchanged
Decreased

61
Q

List five sonographic and medical terms that describe the characteristics of an organ or mass

A 
Anechoic
Hypoechoic
Isoechoic
Hyperechoic 
Echogenic
62
Q

Describe a cystic mass

A

Smooth, well-defined borders, anechoic, increased through transmission

63
Q

Describe a solid mass

A

Irregular borders, internal echoes, decreased through transmission

64
Q

Describe a complex mass

A

Has the characteristics of both a cystic and a solid mass

Stacy Test 2 (3 decks)

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