Ch. 8: Evidence-Based Practice: Theory and Research Flashcards
define mechanical nursing
based on getting the task done
define holistic nursing
requires meeting the needs of the whole person
clinical practice theory
theory that is immediately applicable in the clinical setting
The Framingham Heart Study
- longitudinal, multidisciplinary research project
- consists of several studies carried out over 50 years
- to identify health and healthcare practices of Framingham, Massachusetts
which study made the use of mammography an accepted practice?
The Framingham Heart Study
who developed Science of Human Caring theory
Dr. Jean Watson
this theory describes what caring means from a nursing perspective.
science of human caring
why was the science of human caring and other caring theories developed?
nurses were mechanistic and needed to be taught how to care
Nurses worked mostly as “things to do”
caring theories demonstrate the value of
the non-task-oriented aspects of nursing
theory that describes the progression of a beginning nurse to increasing levels of expertise
Novice to Expert
Benner’s theory provides information necessary to
understand how you learn and perform your nursing responsibilties
define novice
a beginning nurse
new to the nursing profession
a theory is an organized set of related ideas and concepts that helps us…
- find meaning in our experiences
- organize our thinking around an idea
- develop a new ideas and insights into the work we do
define assumptions
something deemed to be true and thus is not tested with research
define paradigm
worldview or ideology of a discipline
broadest, most global conceptual framework of a discipline
any nursing theory should address the 4 basic concepts that are said to be the phenomena of concern for nursing:
- person
- environment
- health
- nursing
caring theory. nursing is an interpersonal theory
Watson
what was Florence Nightingale’s theory regarding the care for soldiers?
more men would survive if they had a clean and healthy environment and nutritious food (so the body could heal itself)
state Florence Nightingale’s theory
clean environment would improve the health of patients
state Virginia Henderson contribution to nursing
- Basic Principles of Nursing Care
- nurses deserve to know what it means to be a nurse
- identified 14 basic needs that are addressed by nursing care
who defined:
“The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided of he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge. And do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible”
Virginia Henderson
state the idea of Dr. Hildegard Peplau
health could be improved for psychiatric patients if there was a more effective way to communicate with them
(because in the 1900s, actually talking to psychiatric patients and developing personal relationship was not done)
which theorist was big on transpersonal caring (spiritual caring, going high and beyond, wholeness of mind, body, and spirit)
Jean Watson
______ involves personal concern for persons, events, projects, and things
caring
caring also makes the nurse notice which
interventions are effective
this theory stresses that each person is unique, so that
caring is always specific and relational for each nurse-person encounter
who developed 5 stages of knowledge development and acquisition of nursing skills?
Patricia Benner
the Benner Model states that the nurse contributes to the person’s health according to
her skill level
define cultural competence
using knowledge of cultures and of nursing to provide culturally congruent and responsible care
Which theorist focused on caring as cultural competence?
Madeleine Leininger
who was behind interpersonal relations model
Hildegard Peplau
who was incharge of 14 basic needs addressed by nursing care, definition of nursing,
Virginia Henderson
who?
purpose of nursing is to support and meet patients’ needs for help. Nursing is a helping art
Ernestine Wiedenback
who?
science of unitary human beings focuses on the betterment of human kind through new and innovative modalities. Maintaining an environment free of negative energy is important
Martha Rogers
self-care deficit nursing theory explains what nursing care is required when people are not able to care for themselves. Goal is to help client attain total self-care
Dorothea Orem
adaptation model was inspired by the strength and resiliency of children. The model relates to the choices people make as they adapt to illness and wellness
Sr. Callista Roy
what is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs
certain human needs are more common to all people, but some needs are more “basic” than others. the lower levels must be met before the higher levels could
name Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs (top to bottom)
- Self-actualization
- self-esteem
- love and belonging
- safety and security
- physiological
define physiological needs
are those that must be met to maintain life (food, air, water ,temperature regulation, elimination)
may refer to either physical (falls, infection, effects of meds and having adequate housing) or emotional (freedom from fear and anxiety) needs
safety and security needs
describe love and belonging needs
- person strives for meaningful relationships with others
2. basic need to love and be loved, give and receive affection, and have a feeling of belonging
describe self-esteem needs
- comes through a sense of accomplishment and recognition from others and brings confidence and independence
- recognition from positive behaviors
refers to the need to reach your full potential and to act unselfishly
person has developed wisdom and knows what to do in a variety of situations
self-actualization
name the two growth needs that must be met before reaching self-actualization
- cognitive needs to know, understand, and explore
2. aesthetic needs for symmetry, order, and beauty
name the higher need Maslow identified after self-actualization
transcendence of self
define transcendence of self
drive to connect to something beyond oneself and to help others realize their potential
______ theory arises from social work and provides for a way to communicate with older people with dementia
validation theory
validation theory asks that the nurse…
go where the demented person is in his own mind
describe Stress and Adaptation Theory by Hans Selye
states that a certain amount of stress is good for people; it keeps them motivated and alert. However, too much stress, called distress, results in physiological symptoms and eventual illness
define informed consent
- must be obtained from every participant in a study
- is obtained by discussing what is expected of the participant, providing written information on the project to the participant, and obtaining the participant’s written consent to be a subject
