Ch. 1: Evolution of Nursing Thought & Action Flashcards
Angel of Mercy
image grew out of influence of religion and the risks inherent too the practice of nursing.
images of the Angel of Mercy is usually
serene and content with a halo or other religious symbol
image of the nurse that emerged as science and philosophy grew popular during 17th century.
examples is Nurse Ratched (One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest)
Battle-Ax
describe Nurse Ratched
battle-ax or torturer, treating her patients with cruelty and disdain
who transformed the Nurse image of the Battle-Ax?
Florence Nightingale
describe what Florence Nightingale did.
- kept notes and stats that were used for advocating and obtaining changes in healthcare
- used political connections and social standing to return nursing to respectable profession
name the first official nursing program
The Nightingale School for Nurses
describe Naughty Nurse
- sexy, risque nurse
- arose in the early part of the 20th C
- Media portrays as sexy, mindless, irrelevant, or simple there for potential dates for doctors
Military Nurse
- portrayed in uniform providing support at the battlefield
2. “warriors fighting disease”
T/F Impact of wars had a negative influence on development of nursing as a profession
F
it had a positive influence
Nurses took the lead in providing care to the sick, wounded, and dying soldiers
stereotype portrays the male physician in the dominate role, with the female nurse merely assisting the doctor, or perhaps supporting the patient at the bedside
Handmaiden Image
where did the Handmaiden Image emerge from?
- early nurses had limited role in healing
- legal and financial authority of physicians
- from the nurse’s work position as an employee
describe the dominant nurses today
Caucasian female nurses
addressing the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of client
Direct care provider
using interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to address the needs of the client, to facilitate communication in the healthcare team, and to advise the community about health promotion and disease prevention
Communicator
assessing and diagnosing the teaching needs of the client, group, family, or community. Nurse’s plan to meet needs, implement the teaching plan, and evaluate its effectiveness
client/ family educator
supporting client’s’ right to make healthcare decisions when they are able to voice their opinions and protecting clients from harm when they are unable to make decisions
Client advocate
using therapeutic communication skills to advise clients about health-related issues
counselor
coordinating the care delivered to a client
case manager
Nurses use these 3 things as they care for patients
clinical judgement
critical thinking
problem-solving
_____________ involves observing, comparing, contrasting, and evaluating the client’s condition to determine whether change has occurred
clinical judgement
___________ is a reflective thinking process that involves collecting information, analyzing the adequacy and accuracy of the information, and carefully considering options for action
critical thinking
problem solving is
a process by which nurses consider an issue and attempt to find satisfactory solution to achieve the best outcomes
why define nursing
misconceptions of nursing profession
“Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings, Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles
current definition of nursing according to the International Council of Nurses (ICN)
name the 5 characteristics of registered nursing according to ANA
- Nursing practice is individualized
- Nurses coordinate care by establishing partnerships with persons, families, support systems, etc
- Caring is central to the practice of the registered nurse
- registered nurses use the nursing process to plan and provide individualized care to their healthcare consumers
- a strong link exists between the professional work environment and the registered nurse’s ability to provide quality healthcare and achieve optimal outcomes
name the 6 QSEN competencies
Patient-centered Care Teamwork and Collaboration Evidence-based Practice Quality Improvement (QI) Safety Informatics
define Quality Improvement
use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safe to HC systems
use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making
informatics
“the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations
definition of nursing according to ANA
name important qualities for nurses
critical thinking caring and compassion detail oriented organizational speaking listening patience competence
define profession
the knowledge of the group must be based on technical and scientific knowledge, the knowledge and competence of members of the group must be evaluated by a community of peers, and the group must have a service orientation and a code of ethics
define discipline
a profession must have a domain of knowledge that has both theoretical and practical boundaries
_________ boundaries are the questions that arise from clinical practice and are then investigated through research
theoretical boundaries
________ boundaries are the current state of knowledge and research in the field, the facts that dictate safe practice
practical boundaries
define occupation
a job….you just getting paid
paid hourly, no control of environment or nature of work
_______ education consists of completing the initial and continuing education required for licensure
formal
_______ involves a gradual progression in skill and clinical judgement that allows the nurse to advance in the profession
informal
what kind of nursing allows nurses to provide bedside care to cleints
practical nursing education
what are practical nurses known as?
licensed practice nurses (LPN)
T/F Practical nurses work under RN
True
name the 5 pathways that lead to licensure as a RN
- Diploma programs
- Associate degree program
- Baccalaureate degree programs
- Master’s entry programs
- Doctoral entry
how can nursing improve?
standardize educational requirements
uniform continuing education requirements
increase participation of nurses in professional organizations
education of the profession to the general public
what is socialization?
the knowledge gained from direct experience, observation in the real world, and informal discussion with peers and colleagues.
why do continuing education?
helps you stay current in your clinical knowledge
who describes the process by which a nurse acquires clinical skills and judgement?
Patricia Benner
name the 5 stages in the Benner model
Novice advanced beginner competence proficient expert
task oriented and focus narrowly on “learning the rules”
Novice
begins to focus on more aspects of a clinical situation, use more facts, make more sophisticated use of the rules, and recognize similarities in situations. The nurse can distinguish abnormal findings but not readily understand their significance
advanced beginner
achieved after 2 to 3 years of nursing practice in the same area. Able to handle patient load and prioritize; more involved in their caregiving role and may be emotionally involved in the clinical choices made
Competence
is able to quickly take in all aspects of a situation and immediately give meaning to the cluster of assessment data, and serves as a resource for less experienced nurses, Are able to see the “big picture”
Proficient
are able to see what needs to be achieved and how to do it. they use their intuition
expert
define nurse practice act
laws that regulate nursing practice
who is responsible for regulating nursing practice?
The state board of nursing
_______ is the official professional organization for nurses in the U.S.
the American Nurses Association
National League for Nursing
was the first nursing organization with a goal to establish and maintain a universal standard of education.
sets standards for all types of nursing education programs, studies the nursing workforce, lobbies
International Council of Nursing
represents nurses at a global level
aims to ensure quality nursing care for all, supports global health policies that advance nursing and improve worldwide heath
Sigma Theta Tau International
international honor society for nursing
define direct care
personal interaction between the nurse and clients
give an example of indirect care
restocking the code blue chart, ordering unit supplies,
name the purpose of nursing care
achieve goals of health promotion, illness prevention, health restoration, and end-of-life care
define case method
one-to-one care
one nurse provides all aspects of care for one patient during a single shift
define functional nursing
compartmentalized, with each task assigned to a staff member with the appropriate knowledge and skills.
difficult for a nurse to fully grasp the whole picture
is an efficient arrangement for delivering nursing care and maintains the cost saving of functional nursing, while attempting to limit fragmentation
team nursing
define primary nursing
one nurse manages care for a group of patients
define differentiated practice
recognizes that education and experience lead to differences in the care delivered by nurses
a patient who has been admitted to a healthcare facility is an ______
inpatient
an __________ is a person who receives treatment at a facility, but does not stay overnight
outpatient
name the effects that technological advances and efforts to control costs
larger hospitals
specialty hospitals
shorter length of stay
define extended care facilities
provide care for clients for an extended period of time, usually longer than one month
___________includes services of trained professionals that are needed for a limited period of time after an injury or illness
skilled care
define custodial care
consists of help with activities of daily living
bathing, dressing, eating, grooming, ambulation, toileting, taking medications, monitoring vitals
define nursing home
provides custodial care for people who cannot live on their own but are not sick enough to require hospitalization
___________ are used by people to get same day cost-effective healthcare
ambulatory care centers
another name for retirement home is
independent living facilities
__________ services focus on health promotion, preventive services, health education, and screening for the early detection of healthcare problems
Primary care
define health as by WHO
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
define secondary care
consists of services to diagnose and treat illness, disease, and injury
define tertiary care
long term rehabilitation services and care for the dying
insurance program designed for persons aged 65 years and older, people with disabilities,
Medicare
provide access to healthcare services for people with low income and minimal resources
Medicaid
what funds Medicaid
state and federal taxes
Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
joint venture between the federal government and states to provide health insurance to millions of children whose family income exceeds Medicaid eligibility criteria, but who cannot afford private insurance and are not covered under a parent’s policy
a nurse with advanced education and expertise in an area of clinical specialization
Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
a nurse with advanced education focused on providing primary care
Nurse Practitioner (NP)
a nurse with advanced education focused on providing anesthesia
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
a nurse with advanced education focused on women’s health, pregnancy, and delivery
Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM)
