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Hematology > Ch. 8 - Erythrocyte Production and Destruction > Flashcards

Ch. 8 - Erythrocyte Production and Destruction Flashcards

0
Q

The body’s response to diminished oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

A

Anemia

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1
Q

Major cytoplasmic component of mature RBCs for the attachment of oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

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2
Q

2 functionally identifiable erythroid progenitors

A
  • Burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E)

- Colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E)

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3
Q

3 erythroid precursors

A
  • pronormoblast
  • basophilic normoblast
  • polychromatophilic normoblast
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4
Q

How many mature RBCs result from a single pronormoblast?

A

8

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5
Q

Stains used in examining peripheral blood film or bone marrow smear

A

Modified Romanowsky stain: Wright or Wright-Giemsa

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6
Q

Maturation sequence of RBCs (rubriblastic)

A
  • rubriblast
  • prorubricyte
  • rubricyte
  • metarubricyte
  • polychromatophilic erythrocyte
  • erythrocyte
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7
Q

3 erythroid precursors capable of mitotic division

A
  • pronormoblast
  • basophilic normoblast
  • polychromatophilic normoblast
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8
Q

First erythroid precursor without nucleoli

A

Polychomatophilic normoblast

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9
Q

Small fragments of nucleus that are left behind if the pseudopod-like projection is pinched off before the entire nucleus is enveloped by cell membrane

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

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10
Q

Erythroid precursor during which the nucleus is ejected

A

Orthochromic normoblast

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11
Q

2 erythroid maturation stages without nucleus

A
  • Polychromatic erythrocyte

- erythrocyte

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12
Q

Enzyme in polychomatophilic erythrocyte that digests ribosomes

A

Endoribonuclease

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13
Q

Residual ribosomes in polychromatophilic erythrocytes that appear as a mesh of small blue strands or blue dots

A

Reticulum

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14
Q

Stained polychromatophilic erythrocytes with reticulum

A

Reticulocytes

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15
Q

2 characteristics of the membrane of the erythrocyte responsible for oxygen delivery

A
  • flexible

- deformable

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16
Q

Dynamics of RBC production and destruction

A

Erythrokinetics

17
Q

Collection of all stages of erythrocytes throught the body

A

Erythron

18
Q

Term that refers only to the cells in circulation

A

RBC mass

19
Q

Location of the primary oxygen-sensing system of the body. Detects hypoxia

A

Peritubular interstitial cells of the kidney

20
Q

Condition where there is too little oxygen

A

Hypoxia

21
Q

Produces erythropoietin

A

Peritubular cells of the kidney

22
Q

Major stimulatory cytokine for RBCs

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

23
Q

The mechanism by which hypoxia increases EPO production in peritubular cells

A

Transcriptional regulation

24
Q

Component of erythropoietin that reacts specifically with RBC receptors

A

Carbohydrate unit

25
Q

Component of erythropoietin that is necessary for biologic activity in vivo

A

Terminal sialic acid unit

26
Q

Mediates EPO’s effects that in turn affect gene activities in the RBC nucleus

A

Intracellular Janus tyrosine kinase signal transducers

27
Q

Death receptor on the earliest RBC precursors whic is expressed by more mature RBCs

A

Fas and its ligand, FasL

28
Q

A mechanism to escape apoptosis where there is stimulation of antiapoptotic molecules which allows the cell to survive and mature

A

EPO rescue

29
Q

Cell that has the most EPO receptors and is most sensitive to EPO

A

CFU-E

30
Q

The antiapoptotic molecule that results from the cooperation of EPO and the transcription factor GATA-1

A

bcl-xL

31
Q

Substance that is synthesized due to EPO which effectively increases the rate of many processes, especially hemoglobin production

A

RBC RNA

32
Q

Cells that exit the marrow during conditions boen marrow stress, such as anemias.

Large, bluish cells lacking central pallor

A

Stress reticulocytes

33
Q

Place where hematopoiesis occurs. A loose arrangement of cells in a dilated sinus area between the arterioles that feed the bone and the venous sinus that returns the blood to efferent veins

A

Marrow cords

34
Q

Place where erythropoiesis occurs. Macrophages surrounded by erythroid precursors in various stages of development.

A

Erythroid islands

35
Q

Secreted by macrophages during erythropoiesis

A

Ferritin

36
Q

Substance where developing RBCs obtain the most iron

A

Transferrin

37
Q

3 components of the anchoring system during erythropoiesis

A
  • stable matrix of stromal cells to which normoblasts can attach
  • bridging (adhesive) molecules for attachment
  • receptors on the erythrocyte membrane
38
Q

Anchors the RBCs to the extracellular matrix to the bone marrow

A

Fibronectin

39
Q

Cellular aging

A

Senescence

40
Q

2 plasma proteins that salvage the released hemoglobin during intravascular hemolysis so that its iron is not lost

A
  • haptoglobin

- hemopexin

Hematology (7 decks)

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