Ch 8 Addictions

Question 1

Characteristics of Addiction (6)

Answer 1

1. Change of mood
2. Relief from negative emotions
3. Experience of pleasure
4. Preoccupation with the use of the substance
5. Ritualistic use of the substance
6. Engagement in addictive behaviors despite negative consequences

Question 2

any substance (other than food and water) that when taken into the body, alters its functioning

Answer 2

Drug

Question 3

excessive or inappropriate use of a drug that results in some impairment

Answer 3

Drug abuse

Question 4

a psychological and/or physiological need for a drug to maintain a sense of well-being or avoid withdrawal symptoms

Answer 4

Drug addiction

Question 5

a variety of physical and/or psychological symptoms that habitual drug users experience when they discontinue drug use

Answer 5

Withdrawal

Question 6

Fact about Alcohol Use and Abuse

Answer 6

Alcohol is a psychoactive drug: a depressant that lowers the activity level of the CNS

Question 7

Social problems related to Alcohol (4)

Answer 7

1. Workplace ($4.1 billion lost each year)
2. Social, physical, and health harms
3. Drinking and Driving (2500 deaths per year)
4. Family (violent or reclusive, ‘elephant in the room,’ enabler, co-dependency, correlation)

Question 8

umbrella term used to describe the range of disabilities and diagnoses that result from drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

Answer 8

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

Question 9

FASD related challenges (4)

Answer 9

1. Problems communicating
2. Sensory deficits
3. Poor memory and difficulty learning from consequences
4. Increased risk of anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns

Question 10

Facts about Tabacco (4)

Answer 10

1. Tobacco is a stimulant
2. Health Effects: Wide variety of diseases and conditions and shortens life expectancy
3. Environmental tobacco smoke, smoke in the air that affects others
4. Tobacco use has declined during the last 10 years

Question 11

Prescription Drugs

Answer 11

Dispensed by a pharmacist on the authorization of a doctor or dentist

Common dependencies occur among people with no previous drug abuse or addiction.

ex. Opioid Pain Relievers, Stimulants, Tranquillizers, Sedatives.

Question 12

Psychoactive pharmaceutical drugs

Answer 12

7% reported engaging in problematic use of the drug including for the feelings it causes, to get a high or for reasons other than prescribed

Opioid pain relievers were the most commonly used drug with a higher prevalence among women than men

Question 13

Cannabis

Answer 13

Both depressant and stimulant. Cannabis was legalized and regulated in 2018 and has remained the most used drug in Canada.

Question 14

Harm Reduction Philosophy (3)

Answer 14

1. Minimize the harm associated with the use of illegal drugs for those who are not willing or able to stop use
2. Ultimate goal is to eliminate or reduce the overall level of drug consumption.
3. Highlight any positive steps towards reducing drug use.

Question 15

Harm Reduction Stages of Change

Answer 15

1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Determination
4. Action
5. Relapse
6. Maintenance

Question 16

Benefits and Drawbacks of Harm Reduction

Answer 16

Benefits:

1. Saves lives
2. Bridges to detox and treatment
3. Benefits the community and public health

Drawbacks:

1. Avoids federal control
2. Public perception is negative
3. Does not deter drug use
4. Concerns about criminal activity

Question 17

Biological explanations of Addictions

Answer 17

Looks at the pleasure gained by consuming drugs

Question 18

Psychological explanations of Addictions

Answer 18

Looks at the benefits of drug use on the individual

Question 19

Symbolic Interactionist explanations of Addictions (3)

Answer 19

1. Drug behaviour is learned and influenced by families, peers, and others
2. Deviant subculture
3. Labelling theory

Question 20

Structural Functionalist explanations of Addictions (3)

Answer 20

1. All societies use drugs of some kind
2. They are part of many rituals
3. Causes social disorganization

Question 21

Social Conflict explanations of Addictions

Answer 21

People in positions of economic and political power make the sale, use, and possession of drugs by the poor and the powerless illegal

Question 22

Feminist explanations of Addictions

Answer 22

Part of the explanation of drug abuse by women has to do with women’s vulnerability and disadvantaged position

Question 23

drugs abused by men vs women

Answer 23

men (alcohol and illegal drugs)
women (legal and psychotherapeutic drugs)