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Financial Acc Systems 1 > Ch 8 > Flashcards

Ch 8 Flashcards

0
Q

Merchandise concern

A

Retailer purchases merchandise in form ready for sale

Ex Walmart

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1
Q

Inventories

A

Assets company holds for sale

Or goods consumed in production of goods to be sold

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2
Q

Merchandise inventory

A

Unsold units left in a retail store

Only inventory account that appears in financial statements

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3
Q

Manufacturing concerns

A

Produce goods to sell to merchandising firms

Have 3 inventory accounts: raw materials, work in process,
Finished good

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4
Q

Raw materials inventory

A

Cost assigned to goods and materials on hand but
Not yet placed in production

Materials can be traced directly to end product

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5
Q

Work in process inventory

A

Partially processed units

Costs included in WIP are: cost of raw materials,
direct labor cost and manufacturing overhead

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6
Q

Finished goods inventory

A

Costs of completed and unsold units on hand

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7
Q

Supplies inventory

A

Includes materials in production but aren’t primary materials
Being processed

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8
Q

Perpetual inventory system

A

Continuously tracks changes in inventory acct.

Company records all purchases and sales directly
In inventory account as they occur

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9
Q

4 accounting features of perpetual inventory system?

A

1 purchases of merchandise for resale or raw materials
For production are dr. to inventory

2 freight in dr. to inventory
Purchase returns and allowances, purchase discounts cr.
To inventory

3 Cogs recorded at time of sale dr. COGS + cr. inventory

4 subsidiary ledger records quantity + cost of each
Inventory on hand

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10
Q

Periodic inventory system

A

Company determines quantity of inventory on hand
periodically

Records all acquisitions of inventory during accounting
Period by dr. Purchase acct.

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11
Q

Modified perpetual inventory system

A

Provides detailed inventory records of increases and
Decreases in quantities only (not $ amts)

Helps determine inventory level at any point in time

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12
Q

All companies need periodic verification of inventory which records by…

A

Actual, count, weight, measurement and compares

Results to detailed inventory records

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13
Q

Cost of goods available for sale or use, equation?

A

Cost of goods available for sail or use =
Cost of goods on hand beginning of period
+ Cost of goods acquired or produced during period

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14
Q

Cost of goods sold, equation?

A

Cost of goods sold =
Cost of goods available for sale
- cost of goods on hand at end of period

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15
Q

3 requirements for valuing inventory?

A

1 physical goods to include in inventory

2 costs to include in inventory

3 cost flow assumption to adopt

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16
Q

Physical goods to include in inventory, examples?

A

Who owns the goods?

Goods in transit
Consigned goods
Special sales agreements

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17
Q

Costs. To include in inventory

A

Product vs period costs

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18
Q

Cost flow assumption to adopt

A

Specific identification, average cost, FIFO, LIFO, retail etc.

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19
Q

FOB shipping point

A

Title passes to customer when supplier delivers goods

To the common carrier

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20
Q

FOB Destination

A

Title passes to customer only when receiving goods

From common carrier

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21
Q

Consignment shipment, consigned good? Consignee, Consignor ?

A

Consignor ships product (consigned good) to consignee

Consignee acts as agent in selling consigned goods

Consignee sells goods w/out liability except exercise due
Care and reasonable protection from loss or damage til sale

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22
Q

What does a consignee do after it sells a consigned product?

A

Remits the revenue to the Consignor less the commission

And expenses incurred in accomplishing the sale

23
Q

Goods out on consignment remain the property of the…

A

Consignor

24
Q

Sales with buy back agreement: product financing arrangement

A

Enterprise finances it’s inventory w/out reporting either
The liability or inventory on its balance sheet

“sale” w/ explicit or implicit “buy back” agreement

25
Q

Sales with buy back agreement: parking transactions

A

A Company parks inventory on another B company’s
Balance sheet for a short period of time

A Company should report inventory and related liability on
It’s books

26
Q

Sales with high rates of return

A

Sales should not be recorded until its determined
How much will be returned

Example, returns to publishing company of college text books

27
Q

How do companies generally account for acquisition of inventories?

A

Like other assets, on a cost basis

28
Q

Product costs, how are they recorded?

A

Costs that attach to the inventory

Product costs recorded in inventory account

29
Q

Period costs

A

Indirectly related to acquisition or production of goods

Not included as part of inventory costs

30
Q

Use of purchase discounts in a periodic inventory system indicates that the company is…

A

Reporting its purchases and accounts payable at

The gross amount

31
Q

Gross method

A

Reports purchase discounts as a deduction from

Purchases on the income statement

32
Q

Interest costs

A

Period cost associated for getting inventories ready for sale

33
Q

Net of the cash discounts

A

Company records failure to take purchase in discount period
In Purchase Discounts Lost account

Considers purchase discounts lost as financial expense
And reports in “other expenses and losses” section on
Income statement

34
Q

2 reasons net of cash discounts method is considered better?

A

1 provides correct reporting of cost of asset related
to liability

2 measures management efficiency by holding
Management responsible for discounts not taken

35
Q

There is no requirement that the cost flow assumption adopted be..

A

Consistent with physical movement of goods

36
Q

Specific identification

A

Identifying each item sold and each item in inventory

Cost flow matches physical flow of goods under
Specific identification

37
Q

Average cost method

A

Prices items in inventory on basis of average cost

Of all similar items available during period

38
Q

Moving average method

A

New average unit cost is computed when each

new purchase Is made

39
Q

FIFO Method

A

Assumes company uses goods in order of in which

It purchases them

40
Q

In all cases where FIFO is used, the inventory and

Cost of goods sold would…

A

Be the same at end of the month

Whether a perpetual or periodic system is used

41
Q

LIFO

A

Matches cost of last goods purchased against revenue

42
Q

LIFO Reserve

A

Difference btw inventory method used for
internal reporting purposes And LIFO

Called “Allowance to reduce inventory to LIFO ACCT”

43
Q

LIFO Effect

A

Change in allowance balance from one period to next

44
Q

2 disadvantages to specific goods costing approach of LIFO?

A

1 company with many different inventory items has
Expensive accounting costs to track them

2 LIFO Liquidation

45
Q

LIFO Liquidation, 2 effects it has?

A

Erosion of LIFO inventory

Distorts net income + leads to substantial tax payments

46
Q

Specific goods pooled LIFO approach?

How does it compare to specific goods LIFO approach?

A

Groups similar inventory products

Results in fewer LIFO liquidations compared to
Specific goods LIFO approach

47
Q

The dollar value LIFO method determines and measures any…

A

Increases and decreased in pool in dollar value

No measure of physical quantity of goods in inventory
Pool

48
Q

What do companies use to measure inflation for LIFO purposes?

A

Consumer price index for urban consumers

49
Q

Price index for current year, equation? What is another name for this method?

A

Price index for current year =
(ending inventory for period at current cost)/
(ending inventory for period at base year cost)

The double extension method

50
Q

What LIFO system do most companies use?

A

Dollar value LIFO

51
Q

3 major advantages of LIFO?

A

1 matching

2 tax benefits/improved cash flow

3 future earnings hedge

52
Q

LIFO conformity rule

A

If company uses LIFO for tax purposes, it must also

Use LIFO for financial accounting purposes

53
Q

4 major disadvantages of LIFO?

A

1 reduced earnings
2 inventory understated
3 physical flow
4 involuntary liquidation/poor buying habits

54
Q

2 circumstances that lead to the preferability of selecting LIFO?

A

1 Selling prices and revenues have increased faster
than costs, this distorting income

2 situations where LIFO is traditionally used like
Department stores and industries with constant base stock
(refining, chemicals, glass)

55
Q

LIFO Is inappropriate in following 3 circumstances?

A

1 prices lag behind costs

2 specific identification is traditional (art, jewelry, cars)

3 where unit costs decrease as production increases
Eliminating tax benefits of LIFO

Financial Acc Systems 1 (22 decks)

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