Ch 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Financial accounting

A

Process that culminates to preparation of financial

Reports for internal and external party use

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1
Q

Essential characteristics of accounting?

A

Identification, measurement and communication of

Financial info about economic entities to interested parties

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2
Q

Managerial accounting

A

Process of identifying, measuring, analyzing and
communicating financial info needed by management to
Plan, control and evaluate company’s operations

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3
Q

How does accounting assist in scarce use of resources?

A

Helps inform parties on which businesses

Are most efficient with managing limited resources

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4
Q

Objective of financial reporting?

A

Provide financial information about the reporting entity
That is useful to present and potential equity investors,
Lenders and other creditors in decisions to that entity

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5
Q

Primary users of general purpose financial statements?

A

Investors and creditors

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6
Q

Entity perspective

A

Companies are viewed as separate and distinct form

Their owners

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7
Q

Proprietary perspective

A

Financial reporting should only be focused on the needs of

The shareholders

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8
Q

Stewardship

A

Entity’s Performance in discharging its responsibilities

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9
Q

2 factors under the decision usefulness approach of investors?

A

Company’s ability to generate net cash inflows

Management’s ability to protect and enhance the capital providers’ investments

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10
Q

Accrual basis accounting

A

Ensures that company records events that change it’s
Financial statements in periods when events occur
Rather than only when it receives or pays cash

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11
Q

Expectations of general purpose financial statements?

A

Users expect statements presented fairly, clearly and

Completely cover the company’s financial operations

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12
Q

3 organizations essential in setting GAAP financial accounting standards?

A

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)

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13
Q

FASB Main purpose?

A

Develop accounting standards

Improve guidance for financial reporting

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14
Q

International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO)

A

Consists of over 100 securities regulatory agencies
Or securities exchanges throughout the world

Established 1987

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15
Q

Accounting Standards Executive Committee (AcSEC), 3 written ways the AcSEC communicates?

A

Committee authorized to speak for AICPA in area of
financial Accounting and reporting

Written communications: Audit and Accounting Guides,
Statements of Position, Practice Bulletins

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16
Q

Audit and Accounting Guides

A

Summarize accounting practices of specific industries

And provide guidelines for matters not addressed by the FASB

17
Q

Statements of Position (SOPs)

A

Provide guidance on financial reporting topics until
FASB sets standards for issue

SOPs may update, revise and clarify audit
and accounting guides

18
Q

Practice Bulletins

A

Indicate the AcSEC’s views on narrow financial reporting

Issues not considered by the FASB

19
Q

What did Sarbanes Oxley diminish the role of?

A

That the AICPA and AcSEC will no longer issue authoritative

Accounting guidance for public companies

20
Q

Financial Accounting Foundation (FAF)

A

Selects members of the FASB and Advisory Council,
Funds their activities and generally oversees FASB’s
Activities

21
Q

5 changes to the FASB under Sarbanes Oxley?

A

1 Smaller membership, 7 members

2 Full time remunerated membership: 5 yr. terms well paid

3 Greater Autonomy: answers only to Financial Accounting Foundation

4 increased independence: FASB members must sever ties from private positions at firms

5 Broader representation: not required to be a CPA. To
Be member of FASB

22
Q

Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Council (FASAC)

A

Consults on major policy issues, technical issues,
Project priorities and selection and organization
Of task forces

23
Q

2 types of FASB major pronouncements?

A

Accounting standards updates

Financial Accounting Concepts

24
Accounting Standards Updates
These updates amend the Accounting Standards Codification Which represents the source of authoritative accounting standards issued by SEC
25
Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF)
Task force purpose is to reach consensus on how to Account for new and unusual financial transactions That may potentially create differing financial reporting Practices
26
Statements Of Financial Accounting. Concepts
Series sets forth fundamental concepts and objectives The Board uses in developing future standards in financial Accounting Does not establish GAAP
27
What does GAAP include?
Mixture of 2000 documents from over 70 years including: | APB Opinions, FASB Standards and AICPA Research Bulletins
28
Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Codification
Provides one place for all authoritative literature related | To particular topics
29
Financial Accounting Standards Board Research System (CRS)
CRS is an online, real time database provides easy | Access to Codification
30
Describe impact of rule making on GAAP?
GAAP is as much a product of political action | As it is careful logic and empirical findings
31
Economic consequences
Impact of accounting reports on wealth positions | Of issuers and users of financial info and decisionmaking
32
5 Changes under Sarbanes Oxley?
1 establish oversight board Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) for accounting practices 2 no company affiliation with auditors 3 CEOs and CFOs must certify on annual reports they are providing accurate info 4 auditors must rotate every 5 years 5 requires code of ethics of senior financial officers
33
Internal controls
System of checks and balances designed to prevent | And detect fraud and errors
34
Expectations gap
What the public thinks accountants should do and | What accountants think they can do
35
What are 5 challenges to report with financial reporting?
Nonfinancial measurements Forward looking information Soft assets Timeliness Understandability
36
4 Nonfinancial measurements?
Customer satisfaction indexes Backlog info Reject rates of goods purchased Results of company's sustainability efforts
37
Soft assets problems reporting?
Financial reports fail to talk about company's intangibles
38
Timeliness
Companies only prepare quarterly and annual statements, | Little to no real time financial info is available
39
3 fundamental considerations of FASB?
1 improvement of financial reporting 2 simplification of accounting literature and rule making process 3 international convergence