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psychopatho > ch 8-11 exam > Flashcards

ch 8-11 exam Flashcards

1
Q

obesity (not psychiatric diagnosis)

A

rates increasing
BMI
causes - genetics 30% of cause
modernization (inactive lifestyle, high-fat foods) biological factors (initiation and maintenance of eating) psychosocial factors (impulse control, attitude, affect reg)
treatment - weight loss programs, behavior mod programs, bariatric surgery

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2
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

DSM criteria
-recurrent episodes of binge eating
-recurrent compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain
-cycle at least once/week for 3 months
-self in unduly influenced by body shape/weight
most diagnoses within 10% of normal body weight
medical consequences - erosion of dental enamel, electrolyte imbalance, kidney failure, seizures, intestinal problems
causes - ideal body size, culture, social/gender standard, dieting trends, fam history of dieting/EDs, perfectionism, low sense of control, low self confidence, distorted body image
treatment - antidepressants, logic-based therapy (best) interpersonal psychotherapy, prevention
90-95% female

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3
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

DSM criteria
-restricted energy intake leading to significant low body weight
-intense fear of weight gain or persistent behavior to prevent weight gain
-disturbance in way body weight or shape is experienced
medical consequence - no period, dry skin, brittle hair/nail, cardiovascular problems, electrolyte imbalance
comorbidity - anxiety/mood disorders, substance use
stats - 90-95% female and 1% gen pop
causes - ideal body size, culture, social/gender standard, dieting trends, fam history of dieting/EDs, perfectionism, low sense of control, low self confidence, distorted body image
treatment - weight restoration, CBT, psychoeducation, prevention

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4
Q

sleep disorder assessment

A

polysomnographic evaluation
-detailed history
-sleep hygiene
-EEG
-EOG
-EMG
actigraph
sleep logs

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5
Q

insomnia

A

DSM criteria
-predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quality/quantity
-cause significant impairment/distress
-difficulty at least 3 nights/week for 3 weeks
-not due to something else
stats - female:male 2:1, frequently associated with anxiety, depression, substance
causes - diathesis/stress, predisposing factors (genetics, personality, hyperarousal), precipitating factors (situational stress, injury, illness), perpetuating factors(time in bed, napping, alc, caffeine intake, conditioned arousal)
treatment - benzos, sleep restrictions, CBT (sleep hygiene, stimulus control, relaxation)

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6
Q

sleep apnea

A

restricted air flow, brief cessations of breathing
stats - male>female
associated with obesity and age
treatment - tricyclics, weight loss, surgery, CPAP machine

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7
Q

50% of leading causes of death linked to what

A

behavioral/lifestyle patterns
ex. genital herpes - sexual behaviors and stress

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8
Q

psychological factors influence what

A

biological processes

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9
Q

behavioral patterns influence what

A

increases disease risk

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10
Q

biopsychosocial model

A

biological, social, and psychological factors are interrelated to influence health and well-being

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11
Q

benefits of social support

A

reduce stress, promote psych adjustment to chronic disease, protect against cognitive decline, faster recovery from surgery, fewer complications in pregnancy and childbirth

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12
Q

psychosocial pathway

A

beneficial when attempting behavior change (help with accountability)

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13
Q

social-biological pathway

A

alters the perception of stress (buffers in inflammatory process in response to stress)

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14
Q

stress response

A

nature of stress - stressor, stress, individual variability
general adaptation syndrome - phase 1 (alarm response), phase 2 (resistance), phase 3 (exhaustion)

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15
Q

two endocrine systems

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis = corticotropin releasing factor
sympathetic-adrenaline-medullary (SAM) system

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16
Q

clinical psych in treatment of HIV/AIDS

A

high stress is exacerbation of AIDs progression
stress reduction increased t helper cells

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17
Q

clinical psych in treatment of cancer

A

factors in adapting to cancer diagnosis
-intrapersonal (personality, coping ability)
-interpersonal (social support)
-socioeconomic (low SES is a barrier to healthcare access)

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18
Q

clinical psych in treatment of cardiovascular disease

A

denial as a means of coping, coronary bypass surgery, and optimists have quicker recovery,

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19
Q

types of pain

A

acute vs chronic

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20
Q

true or false: severity of pain predicts reaction to it

A

FALSE: it DOES NOT

21
Q

factors that predict reaction to pain

A

perceived control, negative emotion, poor coping skills, social support, compensation

22
Q

comprehensive treatment program for pain

A

monitor and ID stressful events, monitor somatic symptoms, muscle relaxation, cognitive therapy, increase coping strategies (more effective than individual components)

23
Q

gender differences in sex

A

women - emphasis on context of committed relationship and satisfaction is from demonstration of love
men - focus on arousal and self concept includes power, independence, and aggression

24
Q

sex

A

biological indicators
assigned at birth

25
Q

gender

A

denotes public identity
gender identity

26
Q

gender dysphoria

A

DSM criteria
-marked incongruence with one’s experienced gender and assigned sex for at least 6 months
-clinically significant distress or impairment in school, social, or other important areas
-must of 6 of 8 (strong desire to be other gender, strong preference to cross-dress, a strong dislike for one’s anatomy, etc)
stats - prevalence = rare
causes - biological is unclear but likely genetic,, hormones, gender identity (parental reinforcement
treatment - hormones to suspend puberty, hormones to promote opposite sex characteristics, sex reassignment surgery (>18)

27
Q

sexual disorders

A

dysfunction in desire, arousal, and/or orgasm; pain with sex
specifiers - lifelong vs acquired, generalized vs situational, severity
assessment - interviews, medical (medication side effects, physical conditions), psychophysiological (exposure to erotic material, sexual arousal response
causes - biological (disease, meds, alc and drugs), psych (performance anxiety), social (negative scripts, trauma, poor interpersonal relationships)
treatment - education, psychosocial intervention (eliminate performance anxiety, non-demand pleasuring), med intervention

28
Q

frotteuristic disorder

A

the act of touching or rubbing one’s genitals up against another person in a sexual manner without their consent to derive sexual pleasure or reach orgasm

29
Q

voyeuristic disorder

A

observing an unsuspecting individual
risk is necessary

30
Q

exhibitionistic disorder

A

exposure or be observed by others; compulsivity

31
Q

fetishistic disorder

A

sexual attraction to non living objects (inanimate, tactile, partialism)

32
Q

transvestic disorder

A

sexual arousal via cross-dressing

33
Q

sexual sadism disorder

A

inflicting pain/humiliation

34
Q

sexual masochism disorder

A

suffering pain/humiliation

35
Q

pedophilic disorder

A

sexual attraction to young children (90% male)
rationalized behavior as “loving”

36
Q

causes of paraphilia

A

low level of arousal to normal stimuli, sexual problems, conditioning, high sex drive, low suppression of urges/drives, social deficits

37
Q

treatment for paraphilias

A

psychosocial interventions - behavioral, target inappropriate sexual associations, orgasmic reconditioning, coping, relapse prevention
70-98% imrpove
medications (for pedophilia) - chemical castration or meds that reduce testosterone but have a high relapse rate

38
Q

depressants

A

alcohol, benzos

39
Q

stimulants

A

cocaine, meth, caffeine, nic
most widely consumed drug in U.S.
increases alertness and energy

40
Q

opiates

A

herion

41
Q

hallucinogens

A

LSD, cannabis
alter sensory perception
can produce hallucinations, delusions, paranoia

42
Q

substance use disorder

A

DSM 5 criteria
problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinical impairment with at least 2 (loss of control, craving, high tolerance, withdrawal, failure to fulfill responsibilities
male>female for alc, cannabis, opiate, and gambling
causes: diathesis-stress model, fam/genetic influence, pleasure/reward centers, GABA (inhibition yields more), dopaminergic systems (midbrain/frontal cortex), opponent process theory (positive reinforcement - high and later negative reinforcement - withdrawal so want more), cognitive factors (belief about drugs, cravings), social dimensions (exposure to drugs, societal views)
treatment: medication (agonist sub - safer version of same drug ex: nic gum, antagonist treatment - help manage cravings, aversive treatment - make use of substance unpleasant), psychosocial (residential/inpatient, outpatient, self-help - AA, controlled use, CBT, contingency management - positive reinforcement, relapse prevention)

43
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

growth retardation, cognitive deficits, behavior problems, facial abnormalities

44
Q

progression of alc related disorders

A

spontaneous remission, course of mild use disorder - variable, course of severe use disorder - progressive

45
Q

effects of amphetamines

A

“up” - elation and reduced fatigue
“crash” - fatigue and depression
link with hallucinations and delusions
significant agonist and reuptake block effects (norepinephrine and dopamine)

46
Q

cocaine use disorder

A

blocks dopamine reuptake (euphoria and short-term powerful/confidence)
increased bp/pulse
insomnia
paranoia
decreased appetite

47
Q

nic use disorder

A

sensations of relaxation, wellness, pleasure
stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
“dosing” - maintain a steady level of nic in the bloodstream
withdrawal: physiological - restlessness/weight gain, psychological - depressed mood, irritability, anxiety, concentration difficulty

48
Q
A

psychopatho (3 decks)

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