Ch. 8 & 11

Question 1

an industrial fishing method where a large net with heavy weights is dragged across the sea floor, scooping up everything

Answer 1

bottom-trawling

Question 2

the unwanted fish and over marine creatures caught during commercial fishing for a different species

Answer 2

by-catch

Question 3

land along a coastline, extending inland from an estuary that is covered with salt water

Answer 3

coastal wetland

Question 4

warm, nutrient rich, shallow part of the ocean that extends from the high tide mark on land to the edge of a shelflike extension of continental land masses known as the continental shelf

Answer 4

coastal zone

Question 5

over-nourishment of aquatic ecosystems with plant nutrients because of human activities

Answer 5

cultural eutrophication

Question 6

an area where most marine life dies or leaves due to less oxygen being dissolved

Answer 6

dead zone

Question 7

catching fish in huge nets that drift in the water

Answer 7

drift-net fishing

Question 8

upper layer of a body of water through which sunlight can penetrate and support photosynthesis

Answer 8

euphotic zone

Question 9

lake with a large or excess supply of plant nutrients, mostly nitrates and phosphates

Answer 9

eutrophic lake

Question 10

physical, chemical, and biological changes that take place after a body of water receives inputs of plant nutrients from natural erosion and runoff from the surrounding land basin

Answer 10

eutrophication

Question 11

concentration of particular aquatic species suitable for commercial harvesting in a given ocean area or inland body of water

Answer 11

fishery

Question 12

area of ocean needed to sustain the consumption of an average person, a nation, or the world

Answer 12

fish print

Question 13

aquatic systems where water with a dissolved salt concentration of less than 1% by volume accumulates on or flows through the surfaces of terrestrial biomes

Answer 13

freshwater life zones

Question 14

the area of shoreline between low and high tides

Answer 14

intertidal zone

Question 15

commercial fishing technique using a long line with baited hooks

Answer 15

long-lining

Question 16

lake with low supply of plant nutrients

Answer 16

oligotrophic lake

Question 17

part of an ocean that lies beyond the continental shelf

Answer 17

open sea

Question 18

harvesting so many fish of a species, especially immature individuals, that not enough breeding stock is left to replenish the species and it becomes unprofitable to harvest them

Answer 18

overfishing

Question 19

small, drifting plants, mostly algae and bacteria, found in aquatic ecosystems

Answer 19

phytoplankton

Question 20

precipitation that does not infiltrate the ground or return to the atmosphere by evaporation or transpiration

Answer 20

surface water

Question 21

cloudiness in a volume of water; a measure of water clarity in lakes, streams, and other bodies of water

Answer 21

turbidity

Question 22

land area that delivers water, sediment, and dissolved substances via small streams to a major stream

Answer 22

watershed

Question 23

land that is covered all or part of the time with salt water or freshwater, excluding streams, lakes, and the open ocean

Answer 23

wetland

Question 24

marine and freshwater portions of the biosphere

Answer 24

aquatic life zones