Ch. 17 & 21

Question 1

a heat resistant fibrous mineral that can be woven into fabrics to be used in fire resistant and insulating materials

Answer 1

asbestos

Question 2

an increase in the concentration of a chemical in specific organs or tissues at a level higher than would normally be expected

Answer 2

bioaccumulation

Question 3

increase in concentration of slowly degradable fat soluble chemicals in organisms at successively higher trophic levels

Answer 3

bio magnification

Question 4

chemicals, ionizing radiation, and viruses that cause or promote the development of cancer

Answer 4

carcinogens

Question 5

a state of continuous or recurring contact with toxic substances or radioactive materials over a long period of time

Answer 5

chronic exposure

Question 6

the only air pollutants with national air quality standards that define allowable concentrations of these substances in surrounding air

Answer 6

criteria pollutants

Question 7

plot of data showing the effects of various does of a toxic agent on a group of test organisms

Answer 7

dose response curve/relationship

Question 8

substances that cause an allergic reaction

Answer 8

allergen

Question 9

when 50% of the population is affected but not killed by a certain dose of a substance

Answer 9

ED50 (median effective dose)

Question 10

chemicals that, at certain doses, can interfere with the endocrine (hormone) system in mammals

Answer 10

endocrine disruptor

Question 11

any solid, liquids, or containerized gas that can catch fire easily, is corrosive to skin tissue or metals, is unstable and can explode or release toxic fumes, or has harmful concentrations of one or more toxic materials that can leach out

Answer 11

hazardous waste

Question 12

wastes produced by mines, factories, etc.

Answer 12

industrial waste

Question 13

amount of a substance that kills half of the test population

Answer 13

LD50 (median lethal dose)

Question 14

solid materials discarded by homes and businesses in or near urban areas

Answer 14

municipal solid waste (MSW)

Question 15

chemical or form of radiation that causes mutations in the DNA molecules in genes

Answer 15

mutagens

Question 16

chemicals that can harm the human nervous system

Answer 16

neurotoxin

Question 17

fields or holes in the ground where garbage is deposited and sometimes covered with soil

Answer 17

open dumps

Question 18

contain fire retardant properties and are used in computers; they appear to be endocrine disrupters

Answer 18

PBDEs

Question 19

identifying, evaluating, and ranking risks and hazards to determine options and make decisions about reducing risks

Answer 19

risk analysis

Question 20

waste disposal site on land in which waste is spread in thin layers, compacted, and covered with a fresh layer of clay or plastic foam

Answer 20

sanitary landfills

Question 21

chemical, ionizing agent, or virus that causes birth defects

Answer 21

teratogens

Question 22

the minimum dose of ionizing radiation, a chemical or drug that will produce a detectable degree of any effect

Answer 22

threshold dose

Question 23

measure of the harmfulness of a substance

Answer 23

toxicity

Question 24

organic compounds that exist as gases in the atmosphere and act as pollutants

Answer 24

VOCs (volatile organic compounds)

Question 25

chemical that adversely affects the health of an organism

Answer 25

toxin