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ED 197 A Louisiana College > Ch. 8-10 Test > Flashcards

Ch. 8-10 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Typically, ______ are people that children know and trust.

A

Abusers

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2
Q

Preschool children who have secure and satisfying relationships with parents approach interactions with peers more ______ and expect these interactions to be enjoyable.

A

Confidently

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3
Q

Before children’s behavior can be considered __________ children must first understand that other people can feel distress and pain and then intentionally engage in behaviors to cause such discomfort.

A

Aggressive

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4
Q

Refers to the ability to voluntarily control our thoughts and actions to achieve personal goals and respond to environmental contingencies.

A

Self-Regulation

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5
Q

Understanding the biologically based permanence of gender.

A

Gender Constancy

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6
Q

Our integrated view of the attributes, abilities, and attitudes that make us who we are.

A

Self-concept

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7
Q

Children who are impulsive or easily frustrated have difficulty inhibiting _____ behavior.

A

Inappropriate

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8
Q

_____ parents are high in warmth, but they also exert firm control.

A

Authoritative

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9
Q

Preschool and kindergarten teachers agree that self-regulatory skills, such as paying attention, following directions, and working independently, are essential for school _____.

A

Success

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10
Q

______ refers to any attempts parents make to change the behavior or attitude of their children.

A

Discipline

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11
Q

The value we add to the mental picture we have for ourselves.

A

Self-esteem

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12
Q

No single _____ has been identified to predict aggressive or antisocial behavior.

A

Gene

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13
Q

An understanding that other people are distinct from them and may have thought and feelings that are different from their own.

A

Theory of Mind

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14
Q

The ability to understand what another person is feeling and, as a consequence, experience the same or similar emotions.

A

Empathy

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15
Q

In general, research finds that boys are more _______ aggressive than girls, and this finding is consistent across age groups and cultures.

A

Physically

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16
Q

______ parents are characterized as being warm, but having little control.

A

Permissive

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17
Q

Involves feeling sorry or concerned for another person because he or she is experiencing negative emotions.

A

Sympathy

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18
Q

By the age of ______, most toddlers can tell you if they are a boy or girl.

A

Two

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19
Q

______ parents tend to be high in control and low in warmth and responsiveness.

A

Authoritarian

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20
Q

Supports moral development because it involves correction plus explanation.

A

Inductive Discipline

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21
Q

A second strategy involves organizing words based on ______ or connections.

A

Associations

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22
Q

______ is your knowledge and beliefs about your own cognitive processes.

A

Metacognition

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23
Q

_____ is when the child knows that an apparent change in one direction can be compensated for by a change in another direction.

A

Compensation

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24
Q

The US has over 5 million ________ from more than 350 different language backgrounds.

A

English Language Learners

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25
Q

Before the child enters school, the major influences on language development are forms of ______.

A

Spoken Language

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26
Q

_________ depends on a child’s abilities to focus on a single characteristic of objects in a set and group the objects according to that characteristic.

A

Classification

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27
Q

A _____ is a regional variation of a language characterized by distinct grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

A

Dialect

28
Q

_____ is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

A

ADHD

29
Q

_______ are systematic procedures for improving memory.

A

Mnemonics

30
Q

_______ provides guided practice or help to understand a rigorous task.

A

Scaffolding

31
Q

Two main strategies to help with word organization are ______ and the syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift.

A

Chunking

32
Q

Teaching methods for ______ students should encourage abstract thinking, creativity, and independence.

A

Gifted

33
Q

By using ______ and word knowledge, children figure out what new, unfamiliar words might mean.

A

Context Clues

34
Q

Working memory is made up of a ________ for verbal information.

A

Phonological loop

35
Q

_____ is the understanding the quantities such as a number, weight, volume, or area stay the same even when their appearances change.

A

Conservation

36
Q

______ the area between within a child’s development level (they can work independently).

A

Zone of Proximal Development

37
Q

A ________ for visual information.

A

Visual Sketchpad

38
Q

_______ is a more current name for what was once called mental retardation.

A

Intellectual Disability

39
Q

________ involves the appropriate use of language to communicate.

A

Pragmatics

40
Q

_________ is the process of making an orderly arrangement from large to small or vice versa.

A

Seriation

41
Q

The ______ where information from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory are integrated together.

A

Episodic Buffer

42
Q

Children without mutual ________ report more loneliness, and is associated with lower self-worth in adulthood.

A

Friendships

43
Q

________ or aggressive behavior is intended to hurt others or to damage property.

A

Antisocial

44
Q

Adults in schools are in a unique position to foster ______ in children.

A

Resilience

45
Q

_______ refers to a person’s tendency to be attracted to members of the same sex.

A

Sexual Orientation

46
Q

______ refers to the self-evaluative part of the self-concept and that self-evaluations often are based on feedback from others.

A

Self-esteem

47
Q

The term _____ describes voluntary behavior intended to benefit other people.

A

Prosocial Behavior

48
Q

_______ are people with whom we share a close, mutual, and dyadic relationship.

A

Friends

49
Q

Some research indicates students’ level of engagement with the school is largely depended on the degree to which their needs for belonging, ________, and competence are being fulfilled.

A

Autonomy

50
Q

_______ approaches to parenting are associated with better peer relationships.

A

Authoritative

51
Q

________ is a composite of the beliefs and attitudes we have about ourselves.

A

Self-concept

52
Q

Most children begin experiencing feelings of _________ attraction during late childhood.

A

Sexual

53
Q

SWPBS stands for _______.

A

School-Wide Positive Behavior System

54
Q

A _____ is a child who witnesses bullying behavior.

A

Bystander

55
Q

The causes of childhood ______ are not well understood but are believed to fall in three categories relating to biology, temperament, and social factors.

A

Depression

56
Q

_______ with teachers have an important impact on children’s adjustment to school.

A

Relationships

57
Q

________ relationships provide a context for children to learn and practice a wide range of pro-social skills at home.

A

Sibling

58
Q

Some children can ________ and cope with stressful situations better than others.

A

Adapt

59
Q

__________ or the ability to imagine what other people are thinking and feeling develops gradually as children become less egocentric.

A

Perspective Taking

60
Q

Early and intensive ______ programs support young children who are having difficulty.

A

Interventions

61
Q

________ can threaten self-concept and lead to feelings of inadequacy.

A

Fears

62
Q

______ are social groups that form on the basis of shared interests and values.

A

Peer groups

63
Q

Research indicates that teachers ________ more with boys than girls

A

Interacts

64
Q

_______ predominate peer groups in middle childhood.

A

Cliques

65
Q

________ is “a willful act of aggression or manipulation by one or more people against another person or people.”

A

Bullying

66
Q

Peer ________ is positively associated with academic achievement and attractive physical appearance and negatively associated with having an uncommon name.

A

Acceptance

67
Q

________ involves both thought and behavior, assessing what is right and wrong.

A

Morality

ED 197 A Louisiana College (2 decks)

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