Ch. 8-10 Test

Question 1

Typically, ______ are people that children know and trust.

Answer 1

Abusers

Question 2

Preschool children who have secure and satisfying relationships with parents approach interactions with peers more ______ and expect these interactions to be enjoyable.

Answer 2

Confidently

Question 3

Before children’s behavior can be considered __________ children must first understand that other people can feel distress and pain and then intentionally engage in behaviors to cause such discomfort.

Answer 3

Aggressive

Question 4

Refers to the ability to voluntarily control our thoughts and actions to achieve personal goals and respond to environmental contingencies.

Answer 4

Self-Regulation

Question 5

Understanding the biologically based permanence of gender.

Answer 5

Gender Constancy

Question 6

Our integrated view of the attributes, abilities, and attitudes that make us who we are.

Answer 6

Self-concept

Question 7

Children who are impulsive or easily frustrated have difficulty inhibiting _____ behavior.

Answer 7

Inappropriate

Question 8

_____ parents are high in warmth, but they also exert firm control.

Answer 8

Authoritative

Question 9

Preschool and kindergarten teachers agree that self-regulatory skills, such as paying attention, following directions, and working independently, are essential for school _____.

Answer 9

Success

Question 10

______ refers to any attempts parents make to change the behavior or attitude of their children.

Answer 10

Discipline

Question 11

The value we add to the mental picture we have for ourselves.

Answer 11

Self-esteem

Question 12

No single _____ has been identified to predict aggressive or antisocial behavior.

Answer 12

Gene

Question 13

An understanding that other people are distinct from them and may have thought and feelings that are different from their own.

Answer 13

Theory of Mind

Question 14

The ability to understand what another person is feeling and, as a consequence, experience the same or similar emotions.

Answer 14

Empathy

Question 15

In general, research finds that boys are more _______ aggressive than girls, and this finding is consistent across age groups and cultures.

Answer 15

Physically

Question 16

______ parents are characterized as being warm, but having little control.

Answer 16

Permissive

Question 17

Involves feeling sorry or concerned for another person because he or she is experiencing negative emotions.

Answer 17

Sympathy

Question 18

By the age of ______, most toddlers can tell you if they are a boy or girl.

Answer 18

Two

Question 19

______ parents tend to be high in control and low in warmth and responsiveness.

Answer 19

Authoritarian

Question 20

Supports moral development because it involves correction plus explanation.

Answer 20

Inductive Discipline

Question 21

A second strategy involves organizing words based on ______ or connections.

Answer 21

Associations

Question 22

______ is your knowledge and beliefs about your own cognitive processes.

Answer 22

Metacognition

Question 23

_____ is when the child knows that an apparent change in one direction can be compensated for by a change in another direction.

Answer 23

Compensation

Question 24

The US has over 5 million ________ from more than 350 different language backgrounds.

Answer 24

English Language Learners

Question 25

Before the child enters school, the major influences on language development are forms of ______.

Answer 25

Spoken Language

Question 26

_________ depends on a child's abilities to focus on a single characteristic of objects in a set and group the objects according to that characteristic.

Answer 26

Classification

Question 27

A _____ is a regional variation of a language characterized by distinct grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

Answer 27

Dialect

Question 28

_____ is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Answer 28

ADHD

Question 29

_______ are systematic procedures for improving memory.

Answer 29

Mnemonics

Question 30

_______ provides guided practice or help to understand a rigorous task.

Answer 30

Scaffolding

Question 31

Two main strategies to help with word organization are ______ and the syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift.

Answer 31

Chunking

Question 32

Teaching methods for ______ students should encourage abstract thinking, creativity, and independence.

Answer 32

Gifted

Question 33

By using ______ and word knowledge, children figure out what new, unfamiliar words might mean.

Answer 33

Context Clues

Question 34

Working memory is made up of a ________ for verbal information.

Answer 34

Phonological loop

Question 35

_____ is the understanding the quantities such as a number, weight, volume, or area stay the same even when their appearances change.

Answer 35

Conservation

Question 36

______ the area between within a child's development level (they can work independently).

Answer 36

Zone of Proximal Development

Question 37

A ________ for visual information.

Answer 37

Visual Sketchpad

Question 38

_______ is a more current name for what was once called mental retardation.

Answer 38

Intellectual Disability

Question 39

________ involves the appropriate use of language to communicate.

Answer 39

Pragmatics

Question 40

_________ is the process of making an orderly arrangement from large to small or vice versa.

Answer 40

Seriation

Question 41

The ______ where information from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory are integrated together.

Answer 41

Episodic Buffer

Question 42

Children without mutual ________ report more loneliness, and is associated with lower self-worth in adulthood.

Answer 42

Friendships

Question 43

________ or aggressive behavior is intended to hurt others or to damage property.

Answer 43

Antisocial

Question 44

Adults in schools are in a unique position to foster ______ in children.

Answer 44

Resilience

Question 45

_______ refers to a person's tendency to be attracted to members of the same sex.

Answer 45

Sexual Orientation

Question 46

______ refers to the self-evaluative part of the self-concept and that self-evaluations often are based on feedback from others.

Answer 46

Self-esteem

Question 47

The term _____ describes voluntary behavior intended to benefit other people.

Answer 47

Prosocial Behavior

Question 48

_______ are people with whom we share a close, mutual, and dyadic relationship.

Answer 48

Friends

Question 49

Some research indicates students' level of engagement with the school is largely depended on the degree to which their needs for belonging, ________, and competence are being fulfilled.

Answer 49

Autonomy

Question 50

_______ approaches to parenting are associated with better peer relationships.

Answer 50

Authoritative

Question 51

________ is a composite of the beliefs and attitudes we have about ourselves.

Answer 51

Self-concept

Question 52

Most children begin experiencing feelings of _________ attraction during late childhood.

Answer 52

Sexual

Question 53

SWPBS stands for _______.

Answer 53

School-Wide Positive Behavior System

Question 54

A _____ is a child who witnesses bullying behavior.

Answer 54

Bystander

Question 55

The causes of childhood ______ are not well understood but are believed to fall in three categories relating to biology, temperament, and social factors.

Answer 55

Depression

Question 56

_______ with teachers have an important impact on children's adjustment to school.

Answer 56

Relationships

Question 57

________ relationships provide a context for children to learn and practice a wide range of pro-social skills at home.

Answer 57

Sibling

Question 58

Some children can ________ and cope with stressful situations better than others.

Answer 58

Adapt

Question 59

__________ or the ability to imagine what other people are thinking and feeling develops gradually as children become less egocentric.

Answer 59

Perspective Taking

Question 60

Early and intensive ______ programs support young children who are having difficulty.

Answer 60

Interventions

Question 61

________ can threaten self-concept and lead to feelings of inadequacy.

Answer 61

Fears

Question 62

______ are social groups that form on the basis of shared interests and values.

Answer 62

Peer groups

Question 63

Research indicates that teachers ________ more with boys than girls

Answer 63

Interacts

Question 64

_______ predominate peer groups in middle childhood.

Answer 64

Cliques

Question 65

________ is "a willful act of aggression or manipulation by one or more people against another person or people."

Answer 65

Bullying

Question 66

Peer ________ is positively associated with academic achievement and attractive physical appearance and negatively associated with having an uncommon name.

Answer 66

Acceptance

Question 67

________ involves both thought and behavior, assessing what is right and wrong.

Answer 67

Morality