ch 8 + 10 Flashcards
strepsirrhines
members of the primate suborder strepsirrhini, which includes lemurs and lorises
haplorhines
members of the primate suborder Haplorhini, which includes tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans
derived
being or having a feature that is not present in the ancestral form
orthograde
referring to an upright body position
superorder
a taxonomic group ranking above an order and below a class or subclass
sister groups
the relationship of new clades that result from the splitting of a single common lineage
last common ancestor
the final evolutionary link between two related groups
crown group
all of the taxa that come after a major speciation event
taxa
a taxonomic group of any rank
stem group
all of the taxa in a clade before a major speciation event
semiorder
the taxonomic category above suborder and below order
euprimates
“true primates” coined by elwyn simons
postcranial
referring to all or part of the skeleton not including the skull
island hopping
traveling from one island to the next
subfossil
bone not old enough to have become completely mineralized as a fossil
bilophodont
referring to molars that have four cusps oriented in two parallel rows,
paleoprimatologists
anthropologists specializing in the study of the nonhuman primate fossil record
catarrhine
member of catarrhini a parvorder of primates, one of the three major divisions of the suborder haplorhini, old world monkeys, apes and humans
platyrrhines
members of platyrrhini a parvorder of primates, one of the three major divisions of the suborder haplorhini, new world monkeys
parvorder
a toxonomic group below infraorder
Y-5 molar
a molar that has five cusps with grooves running between them, forming a Y shape
zygomates
cheek bones
terrestrial
living and locomotive primarily on the ground
morphological
pertaining to the form and structure of organisms
habitutal bipedalism
bipedal locomotion as the form of locomotion show by hominins most of the time
obligate bipedalism
bipedalism as the ONLY form of hominin terrestrial locomotion
honing complex
the shearing of a large upper canine with the first lower premolar, with the wear leading to honing the surfaces of both teeth
australopiths
a colloquial name referring to a diverse group of african hominins
sectorial
adapted for cutting or shearing; among primates refers to the teeth
sagittal crest
a ridge of bone that runs down the middle of the cranium like a short mohawk
endocast
a solid impression of the inside of the skull vault, often preserving details relating to the size and surface features of the brain
pilo-pleistocene
pertaining to the pliocene and first half of the pleistocene
