CH 6 + 7 Flashcards
adaptive niche
the way an organism lives as a result of its environment
affiliative behaviors
activities that are practiced in group or duo settings
altruism
actions that benefit an individual at a cost
anthropocentric
applying human behaviors onto animals
arboreal
adapted to life in trees
autonomic
physical responses one is unable to control (example blushing, or hair raising)
behavior
an individual’s responses to internal or external stimuli
behavioral ecology
the study of the evolution of behavior
binocular vision
vision which has overlapping visual fields provided by foward-facing eyes
biological continuum
the idea that organisms are related through common ancestry
brachiation
swinging as a form of travel, swinging from branch to branch
communication
behavior that conveys information to other individuals
core area
portion of home that has the best or most reliable resources
cusps
the bumps on the surface of teeth
dental formula
numerical device that indicates the number of each type of tooth in each quadrant
displays
repeated behaviors that serve to communicate emotional states
diurnal
active durning the day
dominance hierarchies
social organization where individuals are ranked against each other
ecological
refers to the relationship between organisms and their environment
empathy
the ability to identify with the feelings and thoughts of another
encephalization
the proportional size of the brain relative to some estimate of body size
grooming
picking through fur to remove undesirable materials
hemisphere
one of the two halves of the brain
intelligence
mental capacity
K-selected
adapted strategy where less offspring are born and parents are more involved in raising them
r-selected
adapted strategy where more offspring are born, but parents are not involved in raising them
language
standardize system of vocal sound, written symbols, and gestures used to communicate
life history traits
characteristics and developmental stages that influence productive rates
matriliness
groups that consist of a female, her daughters, and their offspring
metabolism
the processes that break down nutrients and releases energy for the body
morphology
the form of anatomical structures
natal groups
the group in which animals are born and raised
neocortex
the more recently evolved portions of the cortex of the brain
nocturnal
active at night
olfaction
sense of smell
omnivorous
diet of many types of food, eat both meat and vegetation
polyandry
mating system where females mate with more than one male
polygynous
mating system where males mate with more than one female
prosocial behaviors
actions the benefit others and/or society as a whole
quadrupedal
using all four limbs to support body durning locomotion
reproductive strategies
behavior that has been favored by natural selection to increase reproductive success
rhinarium
moist, hairless end of nose
sensory modalities
different forms of sensations
sexualdimorphism
the physical differences between males and females of the same species
sexual selection
a type of natural selection that operates on only one sex within a species
social structure
the composition, size, and sex ration of a group of animals
stereoscopic vision
vision in which images are superimposed
territorial
the protection of areas occupied by an animal or group of animals
territories
portions of an individual’s or groups home range
