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anthropology > CH 6 + 7 > Flashcards

CH 6 + 7 Flashcards

1
Q

adaptive niche

A

the way an organism lives as a result of its environment

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2
Q

affiliative behaviors

A

activities that are practiced in group or duo settings

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3
Q

altruism

A

actions that benefit an individual at a cost

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4
Q

anthropocentric

A

applying human behaviors onto animals

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5
Q

arboreal

A

adapted to life in trees

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6
Q

autonomic

A

physical responses one is unable to control (example blushing, or hair raising)

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7
Q

behavior

A

an individual’s responses to internal or external stimuli

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8
Q

behavioral ecology

A

the study of the evolution of behavior

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9
Q

binocular vision

A

vision which has overlapping visual fields provided by foward-facing eyes

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10
Q

biological continuum

A

the idea that organisms are related through common ancestry

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11
Q

brachiation

A

swinging as a form of travel, swinging from branch to branch

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12
Q

communication

A

behavior that conveys information to other individuals

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13
Q

core area

A

portion of home that has the best or most reliable resources

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14
Q

cusps

A

the bumps on the surface of teeth

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15
Q

dental formula

A

numerical device that indicates the number of each type of tooth in each quadrant

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16
Q

displays

A

repeated behaviors that serve to communicate emotional states

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17
Q

diurnal

A

active durning the day

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18
Q

dominance hierarchies

A

social organization where individuals are ranked against each other

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19
Q

ecological

A

refers to the relationship between organisms and their environment

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20
Q

empathy

A

the ability to identify with the feelings and thoughts of another

21
Q

encephalization

A

the proportional size of the brain relative to some estimate of body size

22
Q

grooming

A

picking through fur to remove undesirable materials

23
Q

hemisphere

A

one of the two halves of the brain

24
Q

intelligence

A

mental capacity

25
Q

K-selected

A

adapted strategy where less offspring are born and parents are more involved in raising them

26
Q

r-selected

A

adapted strategy where more offspring are born, but parents are not involved in raising them

27
Q

language

A

standardize system of vocal sound, written symbols, and gestures used to communicate

28
Q

life history traits

A

characteristics and developmental stages that influence productive rates

29
Q

matriliness

A

groups that consist of a female, her daughters, and their offspring

30
Q

metabolism

A

the processes that break down nutrients and releases energy for the body

31
Q

morphology

A

the form of anatomical structures

32
Q

natal groups

A

the group in which animals are born and raised

33
Q

neocortex

A

the more recently evolved portions of the cortex of the brain

34
Q

nocturnal

A

active at night

35
Q

olfaction

A

sense of smell

36
Q

omnivorous

A

diet of many types of food, eat both meat and vegetation

37
Q

polyandry

A

mating system where females mate with more than one male

38
Q

polygynous

A

mating system where males mate with more than one female

39
Q

prosocial behaviors

A

actions the benefit others and/or society as a whole

40
Q

quadrupedal

A

using all four limbs to support body durning locomotion

41
Q

reproductive strategies

A

behavior that has been favored by natural selection to increase reproductive success

42
Q

rhinarium

A

moist, hairless end of nose

43
Q

sensory modalities

A

different forms of sensations

44
Q

sexualdimorphism

A

the physical differences between males and females of the same species

45
Q

sexual selection

A

a type of natural selection that operates on only one sex within a species

46
Q

social structure

A

the composition, size, and sex ration of a group of animals

47
Q

stereoscopic vision

A

vision in which images are superimposed

48
Q

territorial

A

the protection of areas occupied by an animal or group of animals

49
Q

territories

A

portions of an individual’s or groups home range

anthropology (7 decks)

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