Ch. 7 X-Ray Production

Question 1

Almost all of the kinetic energy of the incident electrons is converted to:

Answer 1

Heat.

Question 2

What percentage of target interaction results in the production of x-ray photons?

Answer 2

1%

Question 3

The transfer of the incident electrons’ kinetic energy to the outer-shell electrons causing vibration of the outer-shell electron results in the emission of:

Answer 3

Infrared radiation

Question 4

The types of target interaction that occur in the production of x-ray photons in the diagnostic range are dependent upon the:

Answer 4

Incident electron kinetic energy

Question 5

The energy of a Bremsstrahlung photon is:

Answer 5

The difference between the entering and exiting kinetic energy of the incoming electron.

Question 6

Bremsstrahlung interactions may occur only when the incident electron interacts with:

Answer 6

The force field around the nucleus

Question 7

Characteristic interactions may occur only when the incident electron interacts with:

Answer 7

An inner-shell electron

Question 8

During a characteristic interaction, the kinetic energy of the incident electron must be ___ the electron it knocks from its orbit.

Answer 8

Greater than that of

Question 9

During a characteristic interaction, the dropping of a higher-energy state electron into a lower-energy state “hole” results in the emission of:

Answer 9

A photon of electromagnetic energy

Question 10

The energy of a characteristic photon is:

Answer 10

The difference between the binding energy of the outer and inner shells between which the electron dropped.

Question 11

At the end of the characteristic cascade, the ____ shell is missing an electron.

Answer 11

Outermost

Question 12

The K shell can hold a maximum of ___ electrons.

Answer 12

2

Question 13

If the peak kVp is 110, the average keV energy of the beam would be:

Answer 13

33-44 keV

Question 14

X-rays are characterized as:

Answer 14

• Electromagnetic waves of short wavelength

- Electromagnetic waves with high frequencies

Question 15

The emission spectrum of an x-ray beam from a tungsten anode consists of:

Answer 15

• A characteristic spike at 69 keV
• A significant portion due to Bremsstrahlung interactions
• A mixture of brems and characteristic interactions

Question 16

If Uranium were used to produce x-radiation, rather than tungsten,

• The k-shell binding energy would be _____ than with tungsten.
• The _____ of brems production would be ____.
• The _____ of characteristic photons would be ____ than with tungsten.

Answer 16

• The k-shell binding energy would be GREATER than with tungsten.
• The INTENSITY of brems production would be GREATER.
• The ENERGY of characteristic photons would be GREATER than with tungsten

Question 17

Electrons traveling from the cathode filament to the anode are called __________

Answer 17

Incident electrons

Question 18

When comparing the x-ray emission spectrum between beams produced at 70 kVp and 110 kVp,

Answer 18

The 110 kVp beam would demonstrate more brems and a higher characteristic spike.

Question 19

For the element molybdenum, the effective energy of characteristic interactions it:

Answer 19

18 keV.

Question 20

When the x-ray emission spectra between single and three phase generators are compared,

Answer 20

Three phase beams would have a higher average energy