CH # 7: Urinary Drugs Flashcards
Drugs used 2 treat diseases of the kidneys, bladder, urinary tract and some parts of the male reproductive tract
These drugs treat urinary tract pain and spasms, UTI’s, overactive bladder, benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis and ED
Categories include:
- diuretic drugs
- potassium chloride drugs
- UTI drugs
- urinary analgesic drugs
- urinary tract antispasmodic drugs
- overactive bladder
- benign prostatic hypertrophy
- ED
Urinary tract drugs
A type of diuretic drug aka: potassium-wasting diuretic drug
Acts on the nephron loop and at the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron of the kidney by blocking sodium and potassium from being reabsorbed from the tubule back in2 the blood. This extra sodium and potassium causes additional (more than normal) urine 2 b made and they r excreted out in the urine.
Drug examples:
- chlorothiazide (Diuril)
- chlorthalidone
- hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, HydroDIURIL, Microzide)
- indapamide (Lozol)
- methyclothiaside (Zaroxolyn)
- -thiaside is a common generic name
Thiazide Diuretic Drugs
A type of diuretic drug aka: potassium-wasting diuretic drug
Acts at the proximal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop and the distal convoluted tubule. At these sites, they block sodium and potassium from being reabsorbed back in2 the blood. This causes an increase in urine volume and additional sodium and potassium 2 b in the urine.
Drug examples:
- bumetanide
- ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
- furosemide (Lasix)
- torsemide (Demadex)
Loop Diuretic Drugs
A type of diuretic drug aka: potassium-wasting diuretic drug
Acts 2 help potassium 2 b reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule and the nephron loop back in2 the blood. This prevents the potassium from being excreted by way of the urine.
Drug examples: some of these interfere w/the sodium
potassium exchange in the tubule
- amiloride (Midamor)
- spironolactone (Aldactone)
- triamterene (Dyrenium)
Potassium-Sparing Diuretic Drugs
These drugs r frequently prescribed 4 patients taking a thiazide diuretic drug or a loop diuretic drug in order 2 avoid excessive loss of the electrolyte potassium
Available as liquids, powders, effervescent tablets, capsules and tablets and doses r measured in milliequivalents (mEq.)
Drug examples: *K is used because of it's peridoc table element
symbol*
- K-Dur
- K-Lor
- Klor-Con
- Klorvess
- Klotrix
- K-Lyte
- K-Tab
- Micro-K
Potassium Chloride Drugs
KCL
A very low level of potassium in the blood that can lead 2 a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia because the electrolyte potassium is crucial 2 the normal contraction of the heart muscle.
Both thiazide and loop diuretic drugs cause sodium, potassium and water 2 b excreted in the urine. As a result, potassium chloride is prescribed 4 patients to treat this problem.
Hypokalemia
These drugs r used 2 treat a variety of infections, however, most infections r caused by a gram-negative bacterial infection and so most of these drugs r designed 2 eliminate gram-negative infections.
Includes categories:
- quinolone and other antibiotic drugs
- folic acid antagonist drugs
- combination drugs
UTI Drugs
A type of antibiotic drug used 2 treat UTI’s
This drug interferes w/the bacterium’s DNA and cellular division
Drug example: nalidixic acid (NegGram)
Quinolone Antibiotic Drugs
A type of antibiotic drug used 2 treat UTI’s
These drugs block the formation of folic acid and in some bacteria that need folic acid in order 2 make DNA and cell proteins.
Drug example: trimethoprim (Proloprim)
Folic Acid Antagonist Drugs
The drug is metabolized in2 an acid that is excreted in the urine, where it kills the bacteria.
The drug is changed in the urine in2 chemicals of ammonia and formaldehyde, which kill the bacteria
The drug is given orally, but is changed by the bacteria themselves in2 a substance that interferes w/DNA and bacterial reproduction.
Drug examples:
- acetohydroxamic acid (Lithostat)
- fosfomycin (Monurol)
- methenamine (Hiprex, Urex)
- nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macrodantin)
Other ways other antibiotic drugs treat UTI’s
A type of antibiotic drug used 2 treat UTI’s
These drugs work 2gether 2 block 2 steps in the synthesis of folic acid by bacteria
This is also prescribed to treat prostatitis in men (infection of the prostate gland)
Combination Antibiotic Drugs
A type of drug used 2 treat the pain and burning during urination that is caused by UTI’s, interstitial cystitis (inflammation of the bladder) and urinary tract surgery and endoscopic procedures.
These r oral drugs that exert a pain-relieving effect directly on the mucus membranes of the urinary tract.
*Pyridium turns the urine a red-orange color that can b mistaken 4
illness.
Analgesic Drugs
These drugs r used 2 treat and decrease spasms of the smooth muscles of the urinary tract due 2 infection, catheterization or kidney stones.
Drug examples:
- bethanechol (Urecholine)
- flavoxate (Urispas)
- hyoscyamine (Anaspaz, Cystospaz)
Antispasmodic Drugs
These drugs block the action of acetylcholine and relax the smooth muscle of the bladder wall; this decreases bladder contractions and incontinence. However, these drugs can also cause blurred vision due 2 the acetylcholine receptors being blocked in the muscle of the iris of the eye
Prescribed 4 overactive bladder symptoms
These drugs r available orally or applied directly 2 the skin using a transdermal patch or a topical gel.
Drug examples:
- darifenacin (Enablex)
- fesoterodine (Toviaz)
- oxybutynin (Ditropan, Gelnique, Oxytrol)
- solifenacin (Vesicare)
- tolterodine (Detrol)
- trospium (Sanctura)
Anticholinergic Drugs
These drugs treat the enlargement of the prostate gland
These drugs treat various urinary tract problems: difficulty initiating urination, urinary hesitancy, decreased urinary stream.
2 types of drugs r used 2 treat this problem:
- androgen inhibitor drugs
- alpha1-receptor blocker drugs
Drugs used 2 treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
