Ch 7: Training and Development

Question 1

What is the role of training

Answer 1

To nurture, strengthen and expand capabilities of firm
Backbone of strategic management

Question 2

Define training

Answer 2

Short-term performance concerns, narrowly focused

Question 3

Define development

Answer 3

Broadening individual’s skill for future responsibilities

Question 4

Why you shouldn’t do what other firms are doing for training

Answer 4

Waste of money
Could be misdirected, poorly designed & inadequately evaluated
Not all strategic initiatives can be accomplished with training
Not all training programs will be a strategic imperative for your firm no matter how widely used

Question 5

How to tell training is needed

Answer 5

Employee consistently fails to achieve productivity objectives
Organization receive too many customer complaints

Question 6

What is the strategic model of training

Answer 6

-Needs assessment
-Design
-Implementation
-Evaluation

Question 7

Name some common types of training

Answer 7

Orientation training for new hires
Basic on-the-job training for new hires
Managerial training
Sales training
Executive training
Information technology (IT)/computer training
Customer service training
Compliance (regulations) training
Ethics training
Diversity training

Question 8

Name some common types of training

Answer 8

Orientation training for new hires
Basic on-the-job training for new hires
Managerial training
Sales training
Executive training
Information technology (IT)/computer training
Customer service training
Compliance (regulations) training
Ethics training
Diversity training

Question 9

Rapid needs assessment

Answer 9

Organizational scanning
Play “give and take”
Check “lost and found”
Use plain talk
Use internet
Rapid prototyping
Seek out exemplars

Question 10

3 parts of needs assessment

Answer 10

Organizational analysis
Task analysis
Person analysis

Question 11

Define organizational analysis

Answer 11

An examination of the environment, strategies & resources the firm faces to determine what training it should emphasize

Question 12

Ways to conduct training

Answer 12

Use IT to cut training budget
Outsource training programs to external firms
Purchase “off-the-shelf” course material developed by training companies

Question 13

4 traits of a training program

Answer 13

Training’s instructional objectives
Readiness of trainees + their motivation
Principles of learning
Characteristics of instructors

Question 14

What are instructional objectives

Answer 14

Formally state desired outcomes of training
Describes skills + knowledge to be acquired and/or attributes to be changed
Performance centred

Question 15

Principles of learning

Answer 15

-Goal setting
-Meaningfulness of presentation
-Modelling
-Individual learning differences
-Active practice and repetition
-Experimental learning
-Whole vs. part learning
-Massed, distributed and continuous learning
-Feedback and reinforcement

Question 16

What is experimental learning

Answer 16

Process of learning by experience of “doing”
Engage in activity, reflect on it, critically analyze it, potentially improving it, then applying it in new situations/settings

Question 17

What is the principle of distributed learning

Answer 17

Spacing out training will result in faster learning + longer retention

Question 18

What is a plateau

Answer 18

Straight horizontal line on learning curve that occurs when there’s no progress

Question 19

What is behaviour modification

Answer 19

Technique that operates on principle that behaviour is rewarded or positively reinforced, will be exhibited more frequently
Opposite happens for penalization

Question 20

Characteristics of a good trainer

Answer 20

-Shows more effort or demonstrates more instructional preparation
-Their knowledge on subject, enthusiasm, sincerity, interest in trainees, sense of humour ability to communicate clearly, willingness to provide individual assistance to trainees

Question 21

Steps for a proper OJT

Answer 21

Prepare
Reassure
Orient
Perform
Evaluate
Reinforce + review

Question 22

Name some training methods

Answer 22

-OJT
-Blended learning
-Apprentice training
-Special assignment
-Coop, internship. gov training
-Simulations
-E-learning
-Behaviour modelling
-Role-playing
-Coaching
-Case studies
-Seminars & conferences
-Classroom instruction

Question 23

What is learning management system (LMS)

Answer 23

Online system that provides a variety of assessment, communication, teaching, and learning opportunities

Question 24

What does MOOC stand for

Answer 24

Massive online open course

Question 25

4 basic components of behaviour modelling

Answer 25

-Learning points
-Modelling
-practice
-Feedback & reinforce

Question 26

Guidelines for making case study

Answer 26

Decide which goals can be best achieved by using studies
Identify available cases that might work/write your own
Set up activity: Including case material, place, schedule
Give all participants change to take aprt in discussions and activities and try to keep groups small
Bridge gap between theories presented in case studies and how they can be put into practice

Question 27

4 basic criteria to evaluate training

Answer 27

Reactions
Learning
Behaviour
Results

Question 28

What is “Reality Check”

Answer 28

-A classic four-level evaluation used by Conexus (largest credit union in Saskatchewan)

Reaction
Comprehensive review
Employee performance competencies
Results

Question 29

What is relapse prevention (RP)

Answer 29

Teaches individuals how to anticipate + cope with inevitable setbacks they encounter on job

Question 30

ROI formula

Answer 30

ROI = benefits of training / training costs

Question 31

What does ROI > 1 mean

Answer 31

Benefits exceed cost

Question 32

What is benchmarking

Answer 32

Process of measuring one’s own services and practices against recognized leaders in order to identify areas for improvement

Question 33

What is orientation

Answer 33

Formal process of familiarizing new employees with organization, their jobs, and their work units

Question 34

What is onboarding

Answer 34

Process of systematically socializing new employees to help them get “on board” with organization