Ch 7 The Skeletal System (Part 1) Flashcards
What is the skeletal system made of?
bones, cartilages, and ligaments
What is cartilage?
lessen friction in joints and allow for expansion of bony frame
What are ligaments?
connect bone to bone at joints
What are tendons?
connect bone to muscle
What are the functions of the bone and their characteristics?
1) Support - holds up the body
2) Protect - soft tissue like brain
3) Movement - by coordinated action of muscle and bone
4) Electrolyte Balance - by storage of calcium and phosphate
5) Acid Base Balance - buffers blood against pH changes by absorbing/releasing alkaline (basic) salts
6) Blood Formation - red bone marrow is major producer of blood cells
What are the classifications by shape and their characteristics?
1) Long - femur, thigh bone, leg, arm
2) Short - carpal, wrist, ankle
3) Flat - parietal bone from roof of skull
4) Irregular - sphenoid bone from skull, vertebrae
What is the long shaft of a bone called?
diaphysis
What are the 2 expanded ends of a bone called?
epiphysis
What does articular cartilage do?
reduces friction
What is the medullary cavity?
shaft of long bone that has a hallow center
What is marrow?
soft connective tissue
What are the 2 membranes?
periosteum and endosteum
What is the periosteum membrane?
- on outside of bone
- glistening white double membrane
- has osteoblasts and osteoclasts
What are osteoblasts?
builders, make bone
What are osteoclasts?
construction, collapse, break down bone
What is the endosteum membrane?
- on inside of bone
- delicate connective tissue
- lines canals in bone
What is a compact bone?
- primarily in diaphysis
- tough, tightly packed, no spaces
What is a spongy bone?
- primarily in ephiphyses
- covered by thin layer of compact bone
- numerous branching bone plates with spaces between
- spaces reduce bone’s weight
What is trabeculae?
the spaces between the branching bone plates
What is an osteon?
structural unit, tiny support pillars
What is a central canal?
central tube with nerves and blood vessels, connect with perforating canals at right angles
What is a perforating canal?
the channel between each central canal to connect them
What is endosteum?
the lining of canals
What are osteocytes?
mature cells in lacunae