Ch 7 Skeleyal System Flashcards by Tori Safford 😻💋

Appendicular

Extremities 126 bones

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Axil

Head spine & trunk 80 bones

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Bones are

Organs

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Function of bones

Contributes to form and shape
Supports body and organ composition
Protects
Movement
Serve as storage for materials
Blood cell formation

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Hemapoises

Blood formation

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Long bone

Longer than they are wide

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Short bones

Carpal and tarsals

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Flat bones

Cranium sternum scapula ribs

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Irregular bones

Vertebrae Facial bones

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Sesamoid bones

Small round bones show up in joint areas in soft tissue

Patella

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Diaphysis

Shaft or body of bone

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Epiphysis

Ends of long bones where joint forms

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Articular cartilage

A layer of cartilage to help form the joint & protect from bones

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Periosteum

Membrane that covers & wraps the outside of the bone

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Sharply fibers

Anchors periosteum membrane to the bone

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Medullary cavity

Central canal that runs extends longitudinally of long bones

Contains bone marrow

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Endosteum

Membrane that lines the medullary cavity

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Osseous tissue

Bone tissue
Strongest connective tissue

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Compact bone / cortical bone

Hard dense bone tissue on the outer layer of all bones made of the. “Haversian system”

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Spongy/ cancellous bone

Porous bone tissue looks like a sponge or honey comb

Found in the end of long bones under compact bone
Contains bone marrow

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Red bone marrow

Active, produces RBC, WBC, & platelets

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RBC

Carries oxygen everywhere in body

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WBC

Active in immunity
Keeps healthy from pathogens

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Platelets

Clotting factors

Yellow bone marrow

Fat Replaces red bone marrow

Nutrient foramen

Small opening hole in the periosteum & bone tissue for the passage way of blood vessels & lymphatic vessels and nerves

Metaphysics epiphayseal plate

Growth plate Larger cartilage of between the bone Open until the age 18-20 yrs Once closed shows up as a dense white line on x rays

Dipole (Skull bone)

Area of spongy bone between the 2 layers of compact bone

Ossification or osteogenesis

Process of bone formation Produces new bone tissue Replaces tissue with bone

2 types of ossification

Intracartilagenous Intramembranous

Intracartilagenous

Occurs in the cartilage of the shaft in the long bone

Intramembranous

Occurs in bones of the skull

Fontanelles

Baby soft spot

Osteon / osteocyte

Haversian system Bone cells

Central canal (Haversian)

Opening that houses the blood vessels

Osteoblast

A bone forming all Lays down the matrix

Matrix

Hard non-living substance that gives bone strength Contains collagen and calcium salts

Only living part of the bone

Osteoblast

Collagen

A protein that gives strength to the tissue

Osteocytes

Once matrix has hardened around osteoblast the cells are now converted to OSTEOCYTES Maintains bone around it does not produce new bone

Lucian

Space that holds cell Depending on what is happening it will be osteoblast or osteocytes

Lamella

Little plates of bone that make bone able to withstand twisting Form in all different directions

Osteoclast

Responsibilities,r for reabsorption of old or broken bones Repair and remodel

Lamella formed by

Cells Part of matrix’s Chunk of bone forming When osteoclast go in all different directions hardening of the Lamella is formed

Osteoclast and osteoblast responsiblites

Repair and remodel bone tissue based on use and stress

Low blood calcium = release

Of calcium from bones

To much calcium in blood =

Storage , absorption of calcium in bones

Fracture repair step 1 bone breaks :

Bleeds and forms a blood clot REACTION PHASE

Fracture repair step 2 Fibroblast (connective tissue) & cindroblast(cartilage forming call) :

Multiply & become active, producing hayline cartilage REACTION PHASE Takes 1hr to 1 day to happen

Fracture repair step 3 osteoblast forming :

Starts producing “primitive bone “ aka woven bone Takes 10 days to happen REPAIR PHASE

Fracture repair step 4 the woven bone:

Starts to calcify REOAIR PHASE

Fracture repair step 5 bone remodeling:

Bone strengthens and thins out REMODELING PHASE

Cartilage

Form of connective tissue

Hayline cartilage

Most of cartilage in the skeleton is this Fetal skeleton - all hayline cartilage until bone ossify Articulate cartilage Costal cartilage - ribs nasal laryngeal and rings around trachea

Elastic cartilage

Stretchy & can with stand bending - pinea of the ear (outer ear) - epiglottis ( wheee swallow covers food so it don’t come back up

Fibrocartilage

Compressible, with stand force & weight - intervertebral disk - pubic symphasis - menisci of knee

Fibrous joint / synarthoidal or synthrosis

Immovable joint A layer of fibrous tissue between bone ends

Cartilegenous joint / amphriarthroidal / amphiarthrosis

Slightly moveable joint Have a amphiarthrosis plate of cartilage in between bone ends Ex intervertebral disk or pubic symphisis